Scott v. Rochester Gas & Elec.
Scott v. Rochester Gas & Elec.
Opinion of the Court
INTRODUCTION
Plaintiff Massie L. Scott ("Plaintiff") asserts various claims against Defendant Rochester Gas & Electric ("Defendant") arising out of his employment relationship. (Dkt. 1 at ¶¶ 3-6). Plaintiff alleges Defendant discriminated against him on the basis of race in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et. seq. ("Title VII") and the New York State Human Rights Law, Executive Law § 290 et. seq. ("NYSHRL"). (Id. at ¶¶ 23-28).
Presently before the Court are Defendant's motion to dismiss Plaintiff's claims as time-barred pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) (Dkt. 3) and Plaintiff's request for sanctions (Dkt. 12). For the reasons set forth below, Defendant's motion to dismiss and Plaintiff's request for sanctions are both denied.
BACKGROUND
The following facts are taken from the complaint and from documents integral thereto
I. Factual History
Plaintiff has worked for Defendant's Field Collections Department since June 2009. (Dkt. 1 at ¶ 7). On March 16, 2015, Plaintiff began an apprentice program for a position in the Line Department. (Id. at ¶¶ 7-8). All the foremen supervising Plaintiff during his apprenticeship were Caucasian. (Id. at ¶ 9). One of these supervisors informed Plaintiff and his co-workers that "blacks" are not allowed as lineman and made it clear Plaintiff would not pass the apprentice program. (Id. at ¶ 10). The foremen spoke derogatorily about and to Plaintiff, excluded him from activities, and refused to supervise him when he worked on dangerous equipment. (Id. at ¶¶ 13, 15-16). Plaintiff and another minority coworker complained to Department Supervisor Mary Jo Klemmer on various occasions about this behavior, but she never took remedial action. (Id. at ¶¶ 11-12).
Despite this treatment, Plaintiff's work was rated above-average throughout the course of the apprenticeship. (Id. at ¶ 17). Defendant's regional operations director informed Plaintiff that he had advanced in the apprenticeship program. (Id. at ¶ 18). However, on September 11, 2015, two nights before Plaintiff was scheduled to begin his next assignment, Klemmer informed Plaintiff that he was being removed from the program because the supervising foremen had instructed her to do so. (Id. at ¶ 19). Plaintiff was terminated from the program and removed to his previous position at the collections department. (Id. at ¶ 20). Plaintiff contends that his termination from the apprenticeship program was based on unlawful racial animus. (Id. at ¶ 24).
II. Procedural History
Plaintiff alleges that he filed charges of discrimination against Defendant with the EEOC and the New York State Division of Human Rights ("NYSDHR"). (Id. at ¶ 22). On April 6, 2016, the EEOC received an intake questionnaire form ("Questionnaire") submitted by Plaintiff. (Dkt. 11 at 11-19, 25-29). The Questionnaire asks the applicant to provide certain information, such as the applicant's name, the name of the offending organization, what happened to the applicant, and why the applicant thought the action was discriminatory. (Id. at 5-6). The Questionnaire also asks the applicant to check a box indicating what the applicant would like the EEOC to do with the information. (Id. at 8). Box 1 states, "I want to talk to an EEOC employee before deciding whether to file a charge. I understand that by checking this box, I have not filed a charge with the EEOC. I also understand that I could lose my rights if I do not file a charge in time ." (Id. ). Box 2 reads, "I want to file a charge of discrimination, and I authorize the EEOC to look into the discrimination I described above. I understand that the EEOC must give the employer ... that I accuse of discrimination information about the charge, including my name. " (Id. ). In Plaintiff's submission to the EEOC, he named Defendant as the offending *277organization, he detailed his experience during Defendant's apprentice program, and he checked Box 2. (Dkt. 11 at 11-19).
On September 8, 2016, the EEOC filed a form titled "Charge of Discrimination" that Plaintiff had filled out and submitted to it. (Dkt. 3-3 at 7-8). On that form, Plaintiff signed a line indicating he wanted the charge filed with the "EEOC and the State or local agency ...." (Id. at 7). Defendant was notified of the charge on November 29, 2016. (Id. at 2-4). On April 21, 2017, the EEOC issued a dismissal and notice of rights to Plaintiff. (Dkt. 3-4 at 3).
Plaintiff commenced this action on July 17, 2017. (Dkt. 1). Defendant filed the instant motion to dismiss on September 21, 2017. (Dkt. 3). On October 27, 2017, Plaintiff filed a memorandum in opposition to the motion and in support of his request for sanctions. (Dkt. 12). Defendant replied in support of the motion to dismiss on October 31, 2017. (Dkt. 14).
DISCUSSION
I. Legal Standard
In considering a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, a court generally may only consider "facts stated in the complaint or documents attached to the complaint as exhibits or incorporated by reference." Nechis v. Oxford Health Plans, Inc. ,
"While a complaint attacked by a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss does not need detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff's obligation to provide the 'grounds' of his 'entitlement to relief' requires more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do." Twombly ,
II. Plaintiff's EEOC Charge
A. The Parties' Positions
Defendant argues Plaintiff did not file a timely charge with the EEOC, and that his claims are consequently time-barred and *278should be dismissed. (Dkt. 3-4 at 3). Defendant asserts the controlling period for filing a claim with the EEOC in this case was 180 days because "there is no evidence that the Plaintiff filed a charge with any local or state agency." (Id. ). Defendant further asserts that the only charge filed by Plaintiff in this case was the Charge of Discrimination the EEOC received from Plaintiff on September 8, 2016, and that because the alleged discrimination occurred on September 11, 2015, Plaintiff's charge was not timely filed and his complaint should be dismissed. (Dkt. 3-4 at 4).
Plaintiff opposes the motion to dismiss, contending that he filed his EEOC charge in a timely fashion. (Dkt. 12 at 8-13). Plaintiff argues a 300-day filing period applies in this case and therefore the last day to file his charge with the EEOC was on July 7, 2016. (Id. at 9-11). Plaintiff further contends the Questionnaire he submitted to the EEOC on April 5, 2016 (well before the 300-day limitation period), qualifies as a charge, and therefore his charge was timely filed and his claim should be allowed to proceed. (Id. at 11, 15-16).
B. Whether the 180-Day or 300-Day Limitations Period Applies to Plaintiff's Charge
Title VII prohibits discriminatory employment practices by an employer. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a). As a precondition to bringing a Title VII suit against a defendant in federal court, a plaintiff must file a charge of employment discrimination against the defendant with the EEOC or an authorized state agency. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 ; Shah v. N.Y. State Dep't of Civil Serv. ,
Title VII implements a deadline of 180-days from the date of the alleged event for a claimant to file a charge of unlawful employment practice with the EEOC. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1). This deadline is extended to 300 days when the aggrieved person "has initially instituted proceedings with a State or local agency with authority to grant or seek relief from such practice ...."
When the EEOC enters into a workshare agreement with a deferral-state agency where "each designates the other as agent for purposes of receiving charges," any administrative charges filed are subject to the 300-day limitations period, even if they were initially filed with the EEOC. Torrico ,
Here, Plaintiff had a 300-day filing period within which to submit his charge to the EEOC. The discriminatory behavior alleged by Plaintiff took place in New York, which is within the jurisdiction of the NYSDHR. (Dkt. 1 at ¶ 2); see N.Y. State Human Rights Law, Executive Law § 295. The EEOC has a workshare agreement with the NYSDHR, a deferral-state agency. Torrico ,
Defendant's arguments for the applicability of the 180-day time limit are wholly lacking in merit. In both of the cases relied upon by Defendant, the Second Circuit did not reach the issue of which limitations period was relevant because the parties agreed that the 300-day period applied. See Van Zant ,
C. Whether the Questionnaire Is Considered a "Charge"
The Court now addresses whether the Questionnaire submitted by Plaintiff to the EEOC qualifies as a charge. On April 6, 2016, the EEOC received a Questionnaire submitted by Plaintiff, (Dkt. 11 at 11-19, 25-29), and on September 8, 2016, the EEOC filed a form titled "Charge of Discrimination" also submitted by Plaintiff, (Dkt. 3-4 at 3). Because the last day for Plaintiff to file a charge was July 7, 2016, whether Plaintiff's claim was timely filed *280hinges on whether the Questionnaire can be deemed a charge.
The Supreme Court has held that in order for a filing with the EEOC to be considered a charge, it must include the information required in the EEOC's regulations, i.e. the allegation and the charged party's name, and "it must be reasonably construed as a request for the agency to take remedial action to protect the employee's rights or otherwise settle a dispute between the employer and the employee." Fed. Express Corp. v. Holowecki ,
"[C]ourts commonly hold that 'checking Box 2 on the current form of the EEOC's Intake Questionnaire, which authorizes the EEOC 'to look into the discrimination' described in the form and describing that discrimination in detail in the Questionnaire ... qualifies as a charge with the EEOC for timeliness purposes." Miller v. St. Luke's Roosevelt Hosp. Ctr. , No. 15 Civ. 7019(VEC)(GWG),
In this case, the Questionnaire submitted by Plaintiff qualifies as a charge. For the EEOC's intake questionnaire to be considered a charge, it must include the allegation and the charged party's name, and the plaintiff must have checked Box 2 on the form. See Miller ,
III. Plaintiff's Request for Sanctions
The Court next considers Plaintiff's request for sanctions in his memorandum of law in opposition to Defendant's motion to dismiss. (Dkt. 12 at 16). Plaintiff contends Defendant's motion to dismiss is frivolous *281and neglects key facts and laws. (Id. ). Plaintiff asks the Court to award attorneys' fees to Plaintiff's counsel and to impose any additional sanctions the Court sees fit. (Id. ).
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(c)(2) states that "[a] motion for sanctions must be made separately from any other motion .... The motion must be served under Rule 5, but it must not be filed [with] the court if the challenged paper ... is withdrawn ... within 21 days after service." "The rule provides that requests for sanctions must be made as a separate motion, i.e. , not simply included as an additional prayer for relief contained in another motion." Notes of Advisory Committee on Rules, 1993 Amendment, Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 ; see Perpetual Sec., Inc. v. Tang ,
Notwithstanding the separate motion requirements of Rule 11(c)(2), the Court may also impose sanctions on its own initiative. Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(3). "Sanctions may be-but need not be-imposed when court filings are used for an 'improper purpose,' or when claims are not supported by existing law, lack evidentiary support, or are otherwise frivolous." Ipcon Collections LLC v. Costco Wholesale Corp. ,
The Court will not award attorneys' fees to Plaintiff's counsel or impose sanctions on Defendant at this time. Plaintiff did not adhere to the procedural requirements of Rule 11, so imposing sanctions in response to Plaintiff's request would be inappropriate. See Tang ,
The Court's restraint in this regard should not be misconstrued by Defendant-and more particularly defense counsel-as condoning the pursuit of a motion blatantly lacking in legal merit. Defendant improperly based its motion to dismiss on legal arguments that were not only incorrect, but contrary to well-established legal authority that any practitioner in the area of employment law should know. Further compounding the problem, Defendant's motion and response had numerous errors and incomplete citations,
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, both Defendant's motion to dismiss (Dkt. 3) and Plaintiff's request for sanctions (Dkt. 12 at 16) are denied.
SO ORDERED.
As discussed later in this Decision and Order, on a motion to dismiss, the Court may consider a document with terms and effects that the complaint relies heavily on, and which make the document integral to the complaint. Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc. ,
Assuming a 180-day deadline applied. Plaintiff would have been required to file his charge on or before March 9, 2016.
Although the Holowecki case addressed the filing provisions of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967,
One such error included stating that Plaintiff filed his Questionnaire in April of 2015, instead of the actual filing year of 2016. (Dkt. 14 at 3). This is particularly egregious for a motion where Defendant argues the claim is time-barred. Another is a citation to the non-existent Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(8). (Dkt. 3-1 at 1).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Massie L. SCOTT v. ROCHESTER GAS & ELECTRIC
- Cited By
- 7 cases
- Status
- Published