People v. Porter

It is a constitutional, as well as a statutory provision, that no person can be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on presentment or indictment of a grand jury. In this case the grand jury had presented the prisoner for the crime of rape. The indictment contained but a single count charging the crime in the usual form. For the trial of that offence the Court of Sessions had not jurisdiction. (2 R. S., 208, 19 Wend., 192.) That court can only let to bail persons indicted for crimes not triable therein, or where the indictment is found in that court, order it to the Oyer and Terminer for trial. (2 R. S., 209.) It has not authority even to order a nolle prosequi to be entered in such a case. This does not conflict with the remark of Cowen, J., in The People v. Abbott (19 Wend., 201), that “to warrant a trial at the Sessions, the District Attorney should have entered a. nolle prosequi on the count for rape.” The judge did not say when or where the nolle prosequi should be entered. If *526sent to the Oyer and Terminer, as the statute requires, and the indictment contained separate counts for rape and assault, a nolle prosequi might be then entered on the count for rape, and then the cause returned to the Sessions for trial. That indictment contained counts for rape and for an assault, and what the learned judge intended, was to show that such an indictment was not triable at the Sessions, unless the counts for the higher offence were stricken out. The Court of Sessions having no power to direct a nolle prosequi in this case, its entry was a nullity, and the trial on the indictment was without authority and void.

But admitting the court had authority to direct a nolle prosequi on an indictment for an offence not triable therein, it should be to the whole count, and could not be to a part of a single count, so as to change the nature, character or degree of the sole offence charged by the grand jury. The entry on the record of a nolle prosequi is an act by which the prosecution declares it will proceed no further with the indictment, or with that part of it specified in the order. Its effect is to.put the prisoner without day to such part, and, if to the whole, entitles Mm to a discharge from arrest, unless held for re-mdictment, as the entry does not operate as an acqMttal.

As I have before said, a nolle prosequi may be to the whole indictment, or to the whole of any one or more of several counts, but cannot be to a part of any one count; therefore, when a nolle prosequi is entered to a part of an indictment containing a single count, it operates upon the whole Mdictment, and entitles the prisoner to Ms discharge, unless held for further indictment. In this view of the case, the court proceeded in the trial without authority.

The conviction should be set aside, and the prisoner discharged.