Willse v. Whitaker

This is an action on a promissory note, dated January 28, 1879-, payable one day after date. Tbe indorsers defend, and proved that they were accommodation indorsers. They also proved that when they indorsed the note they did so under a parol agreement with tbe plaintiff, to whom tbe note was to be delivered, that they should have until the first of June then following to pay it. The court held that tbe action could not be commenced before June 1, 1879, and dismissed the complaint as to these defendants.

The agreement given in evidence was directly inconsistent with and affected tbe terms of tbe note. (Johnson v. Oppenheim, 55 N. Y., 293; Chapin v. Dobson, 9 W. Dig. 66.) The note was payable one day after date. Tbe agreement proved was that it should be payable as to tbe indorser tbe first of June then next. Tbe defendants might as well have been permitted to prove that they were to pay only $10 on tbe note instead of $1,030; or that they were to pay it at New York instead of paying it at Binghamton. (Edwards on Bills, 118, 313, and cases there cited.)

It is familiar' doctrine that an accommodation party may show.,. *244except as against a Iona fide holder for value, that a note has been diverted from its use for which it was made. That does not affect the terms of the note; but shows that it was never a valid instrument. Such is the case of Prentiss v. Graves (33 Barb., 621), cited by defendants, and such are many', others which might be cited. So, in the case of Bookstaver v. Jayne (60 N. Y., 146), the indorser did not attempt to disprove the terms .of the note. But he set up the breach of another affirmative agreement, viz.: to discontinue a certain action against the maker; and this was held to be a defense. Grierson v. Mason (60 N. Y., 394), holds only that evidence could be given, showing that a certain writing was not a contract between tfie parties. Benton v. Martin (52 N. Y., 570), was a case of the same general character. The parol evidence was not received to alter the meaning of the draft, which on its face bore the conditions on which it was delivered. The conditions had reference •to other matters than the contract expressed in the draft itself. The case of Seymour v. Cowing (1 Keyes, 535), was where it was proved by parol that certain writings, in form notes,.were in fact memoranda. That parol evidence avoided the. writings. It did not change their effect.

The alleged oral agreement was not a distinct and separate agreement collateral to the indorsement. But, if made, it was an oral agreement varying the terms of the written contract of indorsement, and it should not have been received in evidence.

The judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.

Judgment reversed, new trial granted, costs to abide event.