People ex rel. Fries v. Riley

The contempt intended to be charged in this case falls under the definition of a contempt “punishable civilly,” and is specifically enumerated in section 14 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It is not within the definition of a criminal contempt as prescribed by section 8 of that Code. The latter section makes willful disobdience of a lawful paandate of a court a criminal contempt. The return to the writ of habeas corpus consists of the commitment of the-relator only. That contains no recital of a mandate as we understand the term. The offense charged therein consists of willfully disobeying the judgment, order or mandate of this (the city) court, bearing date the 5th day or March, 1881. A copy of that paper was presented to the judge on the return to the habeas corpus, and it purports to be the judgment rendered by the City Court of Brooklyn in an action between Caroline Lanfahrt, plaintiff, and the relator and Eva Fries, defendants, whereby it was ordered, adjudged and decreed that said Caroline recover of the relator and said Eva, as trustees, the sum of $476.47 of principal and interest, and the further sum of $212.25, costs and disbursements and allowances, and .that said relator and said Eva, as trustees, jointly and severally pay to said Caroline, or to her attorney, forthwith on demand the sum -of $688.67, which the judgment commanded them to do. Stripped of its irrelevant verbiage, that record is nothing more than a judgment for the payment of a sum of money. The fact that it was rendered against the defendants therein, as trustees, does not make it anything else. Nor is the “ direction ” or command inserted in it, “ to pay forthwith on demand, ” a “ mandate ” according to the •statutory definition of that term. (Code Civil Pro., § 3343, subd. 2.) It certainly is not a writ or process. If it might be considered a ■“ direction ” within the meaning of that section, under any circum *589stances, it cannot be so considered in this case, for the judgment is a final one for the payment of money only (Code Civil Pro., § 1200), and a “ direction ” inserted in it for the purpose of enforcing it is not one that is made pursuant to law. The Code provides that a judgment may be enforced by serving a copy thereof in certain specified cases, one of which is, “ when the judgment is final and cannot be enforced by execution,” as prescribed in section 1210. This case is not included in that specification, but is impliedly excluded therefrom. (Code Civil Pro., § 1211, subd. 1.) Section 1210 provides that a final judgment for a sum of money, or when it directs the payment of a sum of money, may be enforced by execution. The effect of these two sections is to render any other process or “ direction ” for the enforcement of a judgment for the payment of money, except an execution, illegal. The disobedience which constitutes the alleged contempt was not of a lawful mandate, and was not, therefore, a criminal contempt.

The power to punish a neglect or violation of duty which consists of the non-payment of a sum of money, ordered or adjudged by the court to be paid, is expressly limited to cases where by law execution cannot be awarded for the collection of such sum. (Code Civil Pro., §§ 11, 2266.) There exists no undefined power authorizing the commitment of citizens for-contempt in cases defined and limited by statute. (Lansing v. Lansing, 4 Lans., 377; Hosack v. Rogers, 11 Paige, 603; Matter of Watson v. Nelson, 69 N. Y., 537; O'Gara v. Kearney, 77 id., 123.)

The relator having been committed to prison in a proceeding not authorized by law, the'only remaining question is whether it was the duty of the court below to discharge him. If prior to the decision of the Court of Appeals in the case of the People ex rel. Tweed v. Liscomb (60 N. Y., 559) any doubt might have arisen respecting the power of the court on this subject, it seems to me that that decision and the statute since passed have left no room for such doubt. The court or judge before whom a prisoner is brought by virtue of a writ of habeas corpus must make a final order discharging him from imprisonment if no lawful cause therefor is shown. If it appears upon the return that the prisoner is in custody by virtue of a mandate in a civil cause, he may be discharged when the mandate is defective in substance required by law rendering it void, or when *590it was issued in a case not allowed by law. (Code Civil Pro., §§ 2031-2033, subs. 3, 1.) If tbe “direction” contained in the judgment of the City Court was a “mandate” then, as we have already shown, it was issued “in a case not allowed by law.” If it was not a mandate, then no lawful cause was shown for the imprisonment of the relator. In other words, no cause whatever was shown upon the latter hypothesis, and upon the former the cause shown was unlawful. The prohibition contained in section 2031 of the Code of Civil Procedure, against inquiring into the legality or justice of the supposed “ mandate,” in this ease is, by its terms, inapplicable to the proceeding under review.

The order appealed from must be reversed, with costs and disbursements, and an order must be entered discharging the relator.

Order vacating writ of habeas corpus reversed, with costs and disbursments, and relator discharged.