Fleet v. Kalbfleisch

Under section 1010 of the Code of Civil Procedure, if the written decision of the court, upon the trial of an issue of fact or of law, is not filed in the clerk’s office within twenty days after the final adjournment of the term at which the issue was tried, either party may move at Special Term for a new trial upon that ground. ■- This case was tried at the Kings county Special Term in December, 1876. The action was brought to compel the payment of a water-tax and certain assessments, and upon the trial the court decided orally in favor of the plaintiff, so far as the water tax was concerned, but against her as to the assessments. The answer admitted the ■validity of the water tax, and offered to pay it, so that no issue was really litigated as to that part of the plaintiff’s claim. The trial court has never filed any written decision in the cause, and upon this ground the plaintiff insists that she is entitled to the new trial which was granted her nearly ten years after the action was originally tried. Referring to the language of section 1010, which provides that the court must make an order for a new trial, either absolutely or unless the decision 'is filed • within a time therein specified; she asserts that the court had no discretion to refuse to make the order under the circumstances of the case. '

We do not think the requirements of this provision of the Code are so peremptory that a litigant may not lose its benefits by gross laches. Assuming that the section is mandatory wherever an application thereunder is seasonably made, inexcusable delay will deprive a party of the right to an absolute or conditional order for a new trial, on the ground that no decision in writing has been *445filed, when that party has apparently acquiesced in the oral decision of the case, and has allowed his adversary in the suit to part with money on the faitli of his apparent acceptance of the result. No adequate excuse is offered here for the extraordinary laches of the plaintiff in making this motion. She says the trial court decided against her on the authority of a case in which the judgment has since been reversed by the Court of Appeals, but that reversal was in 1877, and this motion was not made until 1886. The plaintiff’s attorney declares that'he relied upon the late Philip S. Crooke, Esq., who was of counsel herein, to inform him of such reversal, but the information did not reach him before January, 1886. This apology for the delay seems to us utterly insufficient. The defendants are executors, who have made large payments in reliance upon the plaintiff’s apparent abandonment of her claim, and would be obliged to pay part of it personally if it were now enforced. In view of this fact, and the length of time which has elapsed since the oral judgment was pronounced, we are clearly of the opinion that the litigation ought not now to be reopened, under the provisions of section 1010 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

It is suggested by plaintiff’s counsel, however, that the motion which resulted in the order under review is analogous to a motion on the minutes for a new trial on account of error in the rulings of the judge. If it is to be regarded in this light, the order certainly cannot be sustained, as there is nothing in the appeal papers to show that any error was committed. The conclusion reached by the trial judge may have been entirely correct, notwithstanding his citation, in support of that conclusion, of a case which was subsequently reversed. The correctness of his rulings must be reviewed, if at all, upon an appeal from the judgment, which the plaintiff may still cause to be entered at any time. The case of Smith v. Frankfield (77 N. Y., 414) does not hold that a new trial should be granted because of the reversal of a decision cited in the opinion of the trial court, but does decide that when a judgment which has been proved as an estoppel is reversed there ought to be a new trial of the case in which the judgment was thus proved. No such quescion as was there involved arises here.

For these reasons the order appealed from should be reversed. Inasmuch, however, as the appellants avow their willingness to pay *446the Powers street assessment, this reversal should be on condition that said assessment be paid. No costs will be allowed to either party on this appeal.

If the improvement under chapter 223, Laws of 1863, had been done under State authority, upon the credit of the whole city, and a tax of hve per cent of the gross amount had been directed to be raised by taxation yearly, there would be no serious question but that the land in question would have been free from lien. If the bonds of the city had been, authorized for the improvement, to be repaid by taxation at the rate of five per cent a year, the result would not have been different. By the law in question a district assessment was created, and the total cost of the work was to be imposed upon this district. Bonds of the city were given, and the total cost was to be collected in twenty annual installments. Each of these installments was decreed to be a part of the tax on said lands for the general expenses of the city. It seems plain to me that no portion of the assessment became a lien on the land until the portion thereof was added to the tax rate of the year. The assessment was spread over twenty years, a district of assessment was created, and the basis of taxation was established, but only the year installment became a lien, technically so called, when the supervisors signed the tax levy. Assuming, therefore, that the original decision was based upon the illegality of the assessment, the judgment itself was right.

The time is too long and the neglect too great to justify the application. The case was tried in 1876, and decided at once. The assessment was held legal in 1877. The judgment was silently accepted. No formal decision was made, and the executors and, apparently, Mr. Fleet acquiesced in it. The executors had paid out so far that if this assessment is put on the estate they will be the losers. The motion should, therefore, be denied for the long delay.

Judgment reversed, upon condition that the Powers street assessment is paid by the executors, with interest, as required by the law imposing the assessment.

Order granting new trial reversed, on condition that the Powers street assessment be paid, with the interest on it.