Garlichs v. Empire State Building Corp.
Garlichs v. Empire State Building Corp.
Opinion of the Court
Judgment affirmed, with costs, upon the memorandum opinion of the Appellate Division.
Concur: Desmond, Dye, Fuld and Van Voorhis, JJ. Froessel, J., dissents in the following opinion in which Conway, Ch. J., and Burke, J., concur:
Dissenting Opinion
This is an action to recover damages for personal injuries. Plaintiff was employed as a window cleaner by the Terminal Window Cleaning Company, which had a contract to clean the windows of the Empire State Building, owned, operated and controlled by Empire State Building Corp. (hereinafter called defendant). He had been working as a window cleaner for approximately 20 years, and in the Empire State Building for approximately 6 to 8 years.
Plaintiff worked under the general direction of the assistant custodian of the building, Corbett, who was an employee of defendant, and who told plaintiff in which rooms to clean windows. Plaintiff and one Jablonsky customarily cleaned as a team, covering the section of windows assigned to them about twice every month. It was plaintiff’s duty to clean the outside as well as the inside of each window. In order to do this it was necessary for him to open each window and climb outside.
In the course of this work, a window would at times “ stick ” and not open easily. In such event, plaintiff was instructed by defendant “ not to fool around with that window ”, to “ leave it alone ”, “ not to touch the window ”, and to report it either
Early in December, 1950, about two weeks before the accident, plaintiff found that a certain window in suite 4719 on the 47th floor would not open. According to his instructions, plaintiff skipped the window and reported to Corbett, who told him that he was “going to take care of it ”. Neither Corbett nor Brown had any record available of such report, which records were kept for short periods, and neither was able to recall whether this particular report had been made.
On December 21, 1950, plaintiff was again directed by “ a slip * * * in the locker room ” to clean the windows on the 47th floor. The windows in suite 4719 had recently been painted, but “ the paint was dry Plaintiff found that they all stuck a little when opened, although his coworker, Jablonsky, experienced no such difficulty — they could be opened ‘ ‘ without a strain ’ ’. The window which plaintiff had previously reported as defective was located about three feet off the floor behind a radiator extending about one half foot from the window. Plaintiff, knowing that this was the same window which he had previously reported, reached across the radiator and, while using an “ ordinary amount of strength ”, he felt a sharp pain in his back and his legs went numb. The accident was witnessed by Jablonsky.
Plaintiff’s doctor examined him on the day of the accident and found that he had sustained a severe back sprain, severe paresthesia of the right leg, and also concluded he “was dealing with a herniated disc”. The doctor expressed the opinion that these injuries created a permanent disability, and that they could have been caused by plaintiff’s attempt to lift the window. Though plaintiff was examined by defendant’s physician, the latter was not called to testify.
Plaintiff, as already indicated, was the employee of an independent contractor, which was employed by defendant to work on its building. Defendant consequently owed to plaintiff the same duty of exercising reasonable care to furnish him with a safe place to work and safe equipment to work with as it owed to its own employees (Circosta v. 29 Washington Sq. Corp., 2 N Y 2d 996; Haefeli v. Woodrich Eng. Co., 255 N. Y. 442, 448; Caspersen v. La Sala Bros., 253 N. Y. 491, 494; Dougherty
It is true, as the Appellate Division points out, that it was not part of plaintiff’s employment to “ open ” windows which were stuck; in fact, he received instructions not to do so. However, it was part of plaintiff’s employment, to which defendant’s duty of providing safety extended, to make an attempt, by using ordinary strength, to open each window which he was to wash — otherwise he would never wash any. Plaintiff could not possibly know that the window would not open before employing a reasonable effort to do so, a fact as to which the Appellate Division memorandum is silent. The Trial Judge had this clearly in mind, for, when defendant made its motion to dismiss at the end of the case, the court said: “ Well, I am going to deny your motion for this reason. I think it is a question of fact. I do not believe there is any testimony in the record to show that he could have discovered that the window did not stick without trying. Now, I am not able to answer that as a question of law.” It follows that the jury could have found that plaintiff was injured in making a reasonable attempt to open the window, which defendant, on ample notice, neglected to repair, thereby creating the very hazard which was the proximate cause of the accident.
Whether or not plaintiff assumed the risk of injury from stuck windows in general, we cannot find as a matter of law that he assumed the risk of injury from this particular window. The danger was not obvious. The jury had the right to infer that the painting was not responsible for the sticking of the window in question, for none of the other newly painted windows presented such difficulty. Since defendant had notice that the window was defective, and its conceded practice was to repair promptly, plaintiff had the right to assume that defendant would not negligently fail to perform its duty to repair and did not assume the risk of defendant’s negligence (Eastland v. Clarke, 165 N. Y. 420, 427, 428). In any event, a jury could find that plaintiff was relieved of an assumed risk by defendant’s promise to repair the window and thus remove the danger
The judgment appealed from should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event.
Judgment affirmed, etc.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Fred Garlichs, Appellant, v. Empire State Building Corp., Respondent, Et Al., Defendants
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published