People v. Henderson
People v. Henderson
Opinion of the Court
While defendant was serving time in Pikers Island Prison in New York City on another charge, the District Attorney of Westchester 'County filed informations charging him with forgery and petit larceny. The Police Justice Court of the Village of North Tarry town accordingly issued warrants for defendant’s arrest. These warrants were in turn lodged with the New York City Department of Correction which had defendant in its custody.
On June 18, 1965 the Department of Correction informed defendant of the issuance of the warrants and of his rights under section 669-a of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Defendant immediately asked that notices pursuant to section 669-a be sent. The section 669-a notice was received by the Police Court on June 30, 1965; the Department of Correction apparently never sent any notice to the District Attorney. On August 17, 1965 the Police Justice forwarded the notice to the District Attorney. On September 13, 1965 the Westchester County Grand Jury found two indictments against defendant,
The defendant contends here, as in the courts below, that he is entitled to have the indictment dismissed under section 669-a or section 668 of the code.
The preliminary, and in this case dispositive, question is whether section 669-a had any application to the “information ” filed against defendant in the North Tarrytown Police Court. This section says, as far as relevant, that an incarcerated defendant may demand disposition of any pending ‘ ‘ untried indictment, information or complaint ’ ’ within 180 days after the giving of notice of the demand to the appropriate District Attorney and court (see People v. Masselli, 13 N Y 2d 1).
Defendant also claims that his motion to dismiss the indictment should be granted on the grounds of general delay. The leading case in this area is People v. Prosser (309 N. Y. 353), which supplies the following guiding principles:
“ The guarantee of a speedy trial — embodied in the United States Constitution and in the constitutions of many states — is found in section 8 of the New York Code of Criminal Procedure. In so many words, that section announces that ‘ In a criminal action the defendant is entitled * * * To a speedy and public trial. ’ Section 668 of the Code, providing the means by which the defendant may enforce his right, declares: ‘ If a defendant, indicted for a crime whose trial has not been postponed upon his application, be not brought to trial at the next term of the court in which the indictment is triable, after it is found the court may, on application of the defendant, order the indictment to be dismissed, unless good cause to the contrary be shown. ’
“ The speedy trial guarantee, preventing undue delay between the time of indictment and trial, serves a threefold purpose. It protects the accused, if held in jail to await trial, against prolonged imprisonment; it relieves him of the anxiety and*307 public suspicion attendant upon an untried accusation of crime; and, finally, like statutes of limitation, it prevents Mm from being ‘ exposed to the hazard of a trial, after so great a lapse of time ’ that ‘ the means of proving his innocence may not be within his reach ’ —as, for instance, by the loss of witnesses or the dulling of memory. * * *
“While the first two considerations noted above may not loom large in the case of a defendant in prison for another offense, there can be no dispute that it is vital, even for him, that the trial be had while witnesses are available and memories fresh ”. (309 N. Y., supra, pp. 356-357; see, also, People v. Winfrey, 20 N Y 2d 138, decided June 1, 1967; Klopfer v. North Carolina, 386 U. S. 213).
Of course, the question of what constitutes undue delay after indictment is primarily a question of fact (People v. Prosser, supra, p. 360; cf. Beavers v. Haubert, 198 U. S. 77, 87). The trial court here held that the four and one-half months between indictment and the making of the motion herein was not unreasonable delay. Although the District Attorney offers no excuse for the passage of this brief period, it cannot be said, either as a matter of fact or law, that a four and one-half month lapse of time warrants relief under section 668 of the code (see e.g,, People v. Prosser, supra; People v. Masselli, 11 A D 2d 722; People v. Sylvester, 50 Misc 2d 677; People v. Morton, 50 Misc 2d 890; People v. Quiller, 47 Misc 2d 810; compare Klopfer v. North Carolina, supra, where there was possible an infinite delay in trial under the North Carolina law).
Accordingly, the judgment, should be affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). The court evidently concludes that section 669-a of the Code of Criminal Procedure has no application to the ‘ ‘ information ’ ’ filed against the defendant in the Police Court. The basis for this conclusion is the language in section 669-a which enables a defendant to demand disposition of any pending ‘ ‘ untried indictment, information or complaint ” within 180 days after notice to the court and the District Attorney. As the information charging the defendant was a “ felony information ” which could not be tried by the Police Court, it is concluded that section 669-a does not apply.
Accordingly, I dissent and vote to reverse the judgment of conviction.
Chief Judge Fuld and Judges Van Voorhis, Bergan and Keating concur with Judge Scileppi; Judge Breitel dissents and votes to reverse in an opinion in which Judge Burke concurs.
Judgment affirmed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- The People of the State of New York v. Tolbert Henderson
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published