New York Court of Appeals, 1972

Kranker v. Levitt

New York Court of Appeals · Decided February 18, 1972 · Bbeitel

30 N.Y.2d 574; 281 N.E.2d 840; 330 N.Y.S.2d 791; 1972 N.Y. LEXIS 1475

Cases that cite this one

33 later published cases cite this decision. The 25 that cite it most often are listed here.

Washington Ass'n of County Officials v. Washington Public Employees' Retirement System Board (Wash. 1978)
Wash. Fed'n of State Employees Council 28 v. State (Wash. 1983)
Bookhout v. Levitt (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1976)
Piccioli v. City of Phx. (Ariz. Ct. App. 2019)
Smolkin v. DiNapoli (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 2010)
Flisock v. State, Division of Retirement & Benefits (Alaska 1991)
Halpin v. NEB. STATE PATROLMEN'S RET. SYSTEM (Neb. 1982)
Halpin v. Nebraska State Patrolmen's Retirement System (Neb. 1982)
Kraus v. Board of Trustees of Police Pension Fund (Ill. App. Ct. 1979)
Subway-Surface Supervisors Ass'n v. New York City Transit Authority (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1977)
Matter of Bohlen v. DiNapoli (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 2018)
Conrad v. Regan (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1989)
Hohensee v. Regan (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1988)
Bookhout v. Levitt (N.Y. 1978)
The Matter of Bruce D. Bohlen v. Thomas P. DiNapoli (N.Y. 2020)
American Federation v. City of Phoenix (Ariz. 2020)
Hoffman v. New York State Policemen's & Firemen's Retirement System (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1988)
Doctors Council v. New York City Employees' Retirement System (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1987)
Clanton v. Spinnato (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1987)
McDermott v. McDermott (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1986)
Selkin v. Regan (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1986)
Lippman v. Board of Education (N.Y. 1985)
Poggi v. City of New York (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York 1985)
Public Employees Federation v. Cuomo (N.Y. 1984)
Drexler v. City of New York (Civil Court of the City of New York 1984)

This list shows which later cases cite this one. It does not say how they treated it, and no review of that has been done. Not a substitute for Shepard’s or KeyCite — verify before relying.

Opinion of the Court

Per Curiam.

The 1957 decision of the Comptroller—in accordance with section 23.1 of the Rules and Regulations of the Department of Civil Service (4 NYCRR 23.1) — to include cash payments for accumulated vacation credits in determining the salary base for the computation of retirement benefits constitutes a valid contract between the State Employees’ Retirement System and its members. In addition, such payments represent compensation for services actually rendered and are, therefore, properly includable in the computation of a member’s final average salary. Accordingly, the plaintiff and all others similarly situated have acquired a vested right to the aforesaid benefit, and that benefit may not now be constitutionally impaired. This being so, it follows that subdivision 1 of section 431 of the Retirement and Social Security Law (as added by L. 1971, ch. 503), which eliminates inclusion of cash payments for accumulated vacation credits, violates section 7 of article V of our State Constitution if retroactively applied to the plaintiff and others similarly situated.

The judgment appealed from should be affirmed, without costs.

Dissenting Opinion

Bbeitel, J. (dissenting in part).

I would modify the judgment rendered to restrict the invalidation of chapter 503 of the Laws of 1971 only to the extent that it impairs contractual rights vested prior to the enactment of the statute on June 17, 1971. That is the date the statute became law by approval of the Governor in accordance with bill section 20 which for relevant purposes provided that the act would take effect immediately. After that date new entrants into the Retirement System acquired contractual rights subject to any statutes then outstanding, whether or not by the terms of the statutes they applied to current or future events. This subordinate issue is as simple *576as that. It should not be confused by misusing the substantive language contained in the statute and treating that as ‘ ‘ effective date ’ ’ language, rather than bill section 20, which respondents would do. The April 1, 1972 date in the statute fixes as a substantive matter the date from which accumulated credits would no longer be includable in final annual salary. It is not “ the effective date ” of the statute in any sense. Since legislation is supreme unless unconstitutional, the court may not abrogate a power of ‘1 interpretation ’ ’ which patently frustrates the legislative intention. The financial impact of the difference may be trivial, the debasement of principle is not.

Chief Judge Fuld and Judges Burke, Scileppi, Bergan and Gibson concur in Per Curiam opinion; Judge Breitel dissents in part and votes to modify in a separate opinion in which Judge Jasen concurs.

Judgment affirmed.

Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.