In re the Appraisal of the Property of Bishop

The duty imposed upon the appraiser is to fix the fair market value of the property of the decedent which is subject to the payment of any tax imposed by article X of the Tax Law (§ 230). For that purpose he is authorized to issue subpoenas and compel the attendance of witnesses before him, and to take the evidence of such witness under oath concerning such property and the value thereof (§ 231).

The contention of the executors is that the decedent was, at the time of his death, domiciled in the State of Massachusetts, while counsel for the State Comptroller argues that he was a resident of this State. Some evidence on this issue has been offered by both sides, and only part of the record is before me on this application. An executor was sworn as a witness and refused to answer certain questions as to assets of the decedent which would be taxable if he was a resident of this state, but which would not be taxable if he was a nonresident. The present application is to punish him for contempt. The executor is in error, in supposing that the evidence offered by him of the nonresidence of the decedent is conclusive. All of that evidence *446concerned acts and declarations of the decedent which might have heen done and made to create an apparent residence in Massachusetts for the sole purposes of taxation, while an actual and beneficial residence in Hew York for all other purposes, was still retained, and it is subject to rebuttal. The question of domicile can seldom, if ever, be said to be conclusively and finally established by any one declaration, or any series of declarations, so as to preclude evidence of other facts. The appraiser had jurisdiction to determine the place of domicile of the decedent, as an incident to his power to assess only those assets which are taxable under the law, but he cannot be required to announce his decision in installments or coerced as to the order of the proof to be taken before him. Until he has decided that the decedent was a nonresident of this State, or until that fact is conceded, questions as to assets taxable on the theory that the decedent was a resident of this State are “ legal and pertinent.”

The direction of the appraiser that the witness prepare and produce a list of assets was in excess of his powers. All that the witness is obliged to do is to answer pertinent questions, and the making of lists is not one of his duties. Heither can a witness be punished for failure to produce books and papers not presently in his possession or under his control at the place of trial, by an oral direction of the appraiser. Such a direction is not an equivalent to a subpcena duces tecum under section 231 of the Tax Law, and section 856 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The question put as to “ what stocks are they ? ” to wit, what stocks of corporations not organized under the laws of the State of Hew York, were owned by the decedent at the time of his death, was pertinent and proper, and the witness can be dealt with on this application for his refusal to answer it.

An order will be made that a warrant to commit the witness issue, in the form prescribed by section 856 of the Code of Civil Procedure, if he fails to appear before the appraiser within five days and answer this question.

Decreed accordingly.