An appeal on questions of law lias been lodged in tliis court by Jack E. Mangus from a judgment dismissing a second-amended petition be bad filed in tbe Common Pleas Court of Summit County, against bis former employer, A.C.E.-Freigbt, Inc. (herein called “A.C.E.”), and bis union, Freight Drivers, Dockworkers and Helpers, Local Union No. 24 (herein called “appellee union”).

Tbe second-amended petition as filed by Jack E. Mangus seeks money damages for an alleged conspiracy by A.C.E. and tbe appellee union “to deprive him of bis rights, remedies, and benefits provided by” tbe agreement between the appellee union and A.C.E. It is alleged further that, because of the refusal of tbe union to process bis grievance against A.C.E., and tbe act of A.C.E. in terminating bis employment, be has been unable to obtain employment. Mr. Mangus claims also that each of tbe defendants (A.C.E. and tbe union) has contacted other companies in tbe trucking industry and requested them not to employ him.

Tbe defendants asserted, and tbe trial court agreed with such assertion, that the state courts have no jurisdiction to entertain tbe action since such matters have been pre-empted as a result of tbe National Labor Management Relations Act, specifically Title III, Section 301(a) of that Act; Section 158(a), Title 29, U. S. Code.

It is not necessary, in this memorandum, to set out various provisions of tbe National Labor Management Relations Act which may bear on tbe problem before us. At tbe outset of our study of this case, we are met by tbe usual number of conflicting views announced by tbe United State Supreme Court. Some of tbe cases, when analyzed in tbe light of tbe petition in tbe instant case, provide tbe conclusion which we believe to be tbe present prevailing view of the federal courts.

In tbe case of International Association of Machinists v. Gonzales, 356 U. S. 617, 2 L. Ed. 2d 1018, 78 S. Ct. 923, a member of a labor union was ordered reinstated, and awarded damages *89 for lost wages and physical and mental suffering, as a result of an action filed in the state courts of California. The jurisdiction of the state courts was upheld by the United States Supreme Court on the theory that the petition in that case sought the equitable remedy of reinstatement to union status. Such a remedy was not available in the federal law and, consequently,. a complete “filling out” of the remedy by way of damages could be afforded such a petitioner.

In the case of Local 100 of the United Association of Journeymen & Apprentices v. Borden, 373 U. S. 690, 10 L. Ed. 2d 638, 83 S. Ct. 1423, Borden, a member of a Louisiana local union, attempted to secure a job on a particular project with a construction company in Dallas, Texas. Hiring was done through a union referral, or union hall, process. The union accepted Borden’s credentials, and knew of the wish of the project foreman to have Borden work on the project; nevertheless, the union officers refused to refer him for work. Borden sued in the state ; courts for damages for the failure of the union to refer him to the company. The award made to Borden in the state courts was set aside by the United States Supreme Court, which said, at page 698 of 373 U. S.:

“Nor do we regard it as significant that Borden’s complaint against the union sounded in contract as well as in tort. It is not the label affixed to the cause of action under state law that controls the determination of the relationship between state and federal jurisdiction. Bather, as stated in Garmon, supra [359 U. S.], at 236,

“ ‘ [o]ur concern is with delimiting areas of conduct which must be free from state regulation if national policy is to be left unhampered.’ (Emphasis added.)

“In the present case the conduct on which the suit is centered, whether described in terms of tort or contract, is conduct whose lawfulness could initially be judged only by the federal agency vested with exclusive primary jurisdiction to apply federal standards.”

To confuse the issue still further, an earlier case, Smith v. Evening News Association, 371 U. S. 195, 9 L. Ed. 2d 246, 83 S. Ct. 267, determined that an action for damages for a breach of a union contract brought by an employee member of the union against the contracting employer could be maintained in a state j court; the court saying, at page 197:

*90 «** * * we likewise reject that doctrine here where the alleged conduct of the employer, not only arguably, but eoncededly, is an unfair labor practice within the jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Board. The authority of the Board to deal with an unfair labor practice which also violates a collective bargaining contract is not displaced by Section 301, but it is not exclusive and does not destroy the jurisdiction of the courts in suits under Section 301. If, as respondent strongly urges, there are situations in which serious problems will arise from both the courts and the Board having jurisdiction over aets which amount to an unfair labor practice, we shall face those cases when they arise. * * *”

Thus we have in these three illustrations the views of that court which determine the policy of the law which this court must follow; however, in none of those cases is the specific problem which we have in the instant case discussed or passed upon.

Counsel for the appellee union cite a recent case of the Federal District Court of the District of Kansas, Mendecki v. International Union, U. A. W., 61 L. R. R. M. 2142, wherein that court sustained a motion to dismiss an action brought in that court by a discharged employee-union member against the union for failure to properly process a grievance. That court determined that such complaint was properly cognizable only before the National Labor Relations Board.

State court exclusion of cases, such as we have before us, has been upheld, with the approval of the Borden case, in the case of Local No. 207, International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers Union v. Berko, 373 U. S. 701, 10 L. Ed. 2d 646, 83 S. Ct. 1429.

It is our conclusion that, where an action by a union member against his union, and his employer, is an action at law for damages arising out of a claimed unlawful discharge only, and such law action can arguably involve an unfair labor practice over which the National Labor Relations Board would have exclusive jurisdiction, the state court is without authority to proceed to determine the controversy.

The judgment rendered herein must be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.