State v. Bomar, Unpublished Decision (10-23-2000)
State v. Bomar, Unpublished Decision (10-23-2000)
Opinion of the Court
"THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT PERMITTING DEFENDANT TO BE TESTED FOR COMPETENCY PURSUANT TO R.C.2945.37 ."
"THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AS AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION AND/OR MATTER OF LAW, UNDER CRIM.R. 16, BY REFUSING TO PERMIT COUNSEL TO REVIEW WITNESS STATEMENT FOR INCONSISTENCIES; FAILING TO FIND ON THE RECORD THAT THE WITNESS STATEMENT CONTAINED REFERENCE TO APPELLANT'S MENTAL STATUS; AND FAILING TO PRESERVE THE WITNESS STATEMENT FOR APPEAL."
"THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION AND/OR MATTER OF LAW BY REFUSING TO ORDER A CONTINUANCE FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO ESTABLISH WHETHER THE STATE FAILED TO DISCLOSE EXCULPATORY MATERIAL, BEING THE MENTAL STATUS OF APPELLANT, CAUSING APPELLANT TO BE DENIED HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL."
"THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR BY DENYING APPELLANT HIS RIGHT TO COUNSEL UNDER THESIXTH ANDFOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE1 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION."
A brief summary of the facts pertinent to this appeal is as follows. Appellant is an inmate incarcerated at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility (SOCF) near Luscasville, in Scioto County, Ohio. On February 3, 1999, he informed prison personnel that he wanted to be removed from his regular cell and placed in "the hole."2 The guards, somewhat surprised by this request, informed appellant that confinement in "the hole" was a corrective measure and that he had done nothing wrong to warrant such treatment. Determined to remedy that situation, appellant waited for Nurse Terri Augustine to make her "rounds" that day. When she arrived on the cell block or "range," at approximately 3:30 PM, he called her over to the door of his cell (ostensibly to ask her a question) and then proceeded to masturbate in front of her "[f]ully" exposed. Nurse Augustine left the cell block and "wrote him up" a "ticket" or "conduct report."
That afternoon, corrections officers Donald Good and Gary Daniel were sent to take appellant from his cell to "security control." Appellant first seemed pleased that he was being taken to "the hole" as he had originally wanted. However, when the guards tried to pat him down and handcuff him, appellant turned and struck Officer Good. He then "lunged" at the guard, wrested a walkie-talkie from Officer Good's belt and began swinging it around by the antennae striking both guards about the face and head. Additional correction officers arrived at the scene and appellant was, eventually, subdued and led away.
The Scioto County Grand Jury returned an indictment on November 8, 1999, charging appellant with two (2) counts of assault in violation of R.C.
The matter came on for a jury trial beginning February 14, 2000. Prior to the first witness, however, defense counsel informed the court at a bench conference that appellant had just revealed to him an allegedly "lengthy psychiatric history." It was also revealed that the prosecution had some prior degree of knowledge of appellant's "mental caseload problem," but had not disclosed that knowledge during discovery. Counsel made no specific request with respect to this new information and the trial court declined to "halt" the proceedings at that late date. Nevertheless, the court informed counsel that he could "subpoena records" and "present further evidence" about appellant's mental status later that day or the following day. The trial then proceeded with the State calling several SOCF personnel, including Nurse Augustine and Officers Good and Daniel, who gave their respective accounts of the incident in question.
Appellant did not testify on his own behalf, but he did call several of his fellow prisoners as witnesses. The defense witnesses sharply contradicted the account(s) given by the correction officers. Inmate Frankie Ellis stated that he and appellant had been discussing "bible matters" when Nurse Augustine passed appellant's cell without incident. Several minutes later, "three or four" prison guards burst into his cell and held appellant "like they held Jesus Christ to the cross" and began punching him "dead center of his face." This testimony was largely corroborated by another inmate, Raymond Hairston, who related that correction officers held appellant "in like a crucifix type, like Jesus, you know, his arms spread," and began beating him about the face and chest.5
The jury returned verdicts finding appellant guilty on both counts of the indictment. On February 14, 2000, the trial court sentenced appellant to consecutive eleven (11) month terms of imprisonment on each charge, which terms were also to be served consecutively to the sentence appellant was already serving at the time of the assault(s). Appellant filed pro se motions asking for a new trial and for temporary restraining order(s) against various prison personnel.6 Those motions were summarily overruled and this appeal followed.
Our analysis begins from the standpoint that all criminal defendants are presumed to be competent to stand trial. See R.C.
The procedure governing determination of competency is set forth in R.C.
"In a criminal action in a court of common pleas . . . the court, prosecutor, or defense may raise the issue of the defendant's competence to stand trial. If the issue is raised before the trial has commenced, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue as provided in this section. If the issue is raised after the trial has commenced, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue only for good cause shown or on the court's own motion."
A competency hearing is only mandatory under this provision if the issue is raised prior to commencement of trial. State v. Bekesz (1991),
In the case sub judice, we note that the record contains no motion or any other filing which requested a mental evaluation or called appellant's competency into question. The first mention of this issue appears to have been at a bench conference just prior to opening arguments.7 However, even at that point, it is not at all clear that appellant actually "raised" the competency issue. Rather, defense counsel merely revealed that appellant had told him about an allegedly "lengthy psychiatric history." Counsel then remarked to the court that he "quite frankly [did not] know where we can go from here." This dialogue does not, however, constitute a clear and definitive request regarding the competency issue. Appellant made no explicit request to conduct a competency hearing or to conduct a mental evaluation.
In any event, we again note that this particular discussion occurred after the trial had already begun. Trials are generally deemed to have commenced when a jury is empaneled and sworn. See State v. Hill (Feb. 18, 2000), Fairfield App. No. 98CA67, unreported; also see Frazee v.Ellis Bros., Inc. (1996),
Even assuming arguendo that the competency issue had been properly raised prior to trial, and that a hearing was mandated by R.C.
Our review of the record reveals that the only evidence of appellant's mental condition that was ever introduced below was the testimony by Nurse Augustine. She testified that appellant was carried on the prison's "out-patient mental health caseload." We further note, however, that Nurse Augustine's testimony was contradicted by Officer Daniel who stated that (at the time of the assaults) appellant was held in "GP" or "general population." No records were introduced below to address appellant's mental status and no physician or psychologist gave expert testimony. Even Nurse Augustine did not give any explanation as to appellant's alleged mental illness or offer an opinion as to his competency. In short, we find nothing in the trial court record to indicate that appellant was incompetent.
Appellant counter argues that the court should have held a hearing for "good cause shown" when his alleged mental problems were discussed during trial. Again, we disagree. The decision whether to conduct a mid-trial competency hearing pursuant to R.C.
We note that trial counsel did not express any doubts concerning his client's competency beyond a mere recitation of what had already been said regarding appellant's history with mental illness. Also, nothing in appellant's behavior or demeanor suggested that he was unable to understand these proceedings or assist in his own defense.8 Indeed, we note that appellant artfully conducted the direct examination of his defense witnesses. Moreover, no expert opinions, medical records or any other sort of evidence to document appellant's alleged mental illness or address the issue of his competency was introduced below. In the absence of any such evidence, we find no error in the trial court's decision foregoing mental evaluations and a competency hearing.9
Accordingly, we overrule appellant's first assignment of error.
The decision to grant or deny a continuance rests within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Mason (1998),
First, as mentioned previously, no evidence introduced at trial definitively showed that appellant had ever suffered mental health problems. Although Nurse Augustine testified that appellant was carried on the prison's "out-patient mental health caseload," no further explanation was ever given as to what that status might have meant. Second, even if appellant had mental health problems, nothing in the record indicates that the prosecution possessed any such material and then failed to disclose that material to the defense. The County Prosecutor gave the following explanation at a bench conference:
"I don't know for sure what his mental history is. I do believe I saw somewhere along the line a note from an investigator saying that he had some kind of mental caseload problem. I do note in the court today we have a Captain Oppy from the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility. He might know more about what [appellant's] mental history is."10
Of course, the better practice would have been for the State to disclose whatever it knew about appellant's history of mental illness during discovery. It does not appear from this exchange, however, that the prosecution had anything more than some vague, undefined background knowledge of the issue. It is also reasonable to assume that trial counsel would have discovered this information during a rudimentary investigation of the case. That being said, and considering that no actual evidence exists below to indicate mental illness, we cannot conclude that the court's refusal to grant a continuance was arbitrary, unreasonable or unconscionable.11
Accordingly, we overrule appellant's third assignment of error.
"I want the record to reflect that we were in chambers. I have reviewed the statement of this witness. I did not find any inconsistencies between her testimony here today and that given in the statement. * * * I'm going to require the State to provide this court reporter with a copy of the written statement for preservation in the record for future appeal."
Appellant argues on appeal that these actions by the court were in contravention of its duties under Crim.R. 16 and that this amounted to reversible error. We disagree.
Our analysis begins with the provisions of Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(g) which states, in pertinent part, as follows:
"Upon completion of a witness' direct examination at trial, the court on motion of the defendant shall conduct an in camera inspection of the witness' written or recorded statement with the defense attorney and prosecuting attorney present and participating, to determine the existence of inconsistencies, if any, between the testimony of such witness and the prior statement.If the court determines that inconsistencies exist, the statement shall be given to the defense attorney for use in cross-examination of the witness as to the inconsistencies. If the court determines that inconsistencies do not exist the statement shall not be given to the defense attorney and he shall not be permitted to cross-examine or comment thereon.
Whenever the defense attorney is not given the entire statement, it shall be preserved in the records of the court to be made available to the appellate court in the event of an appeal."
We note at the outset that this rule requires a motion for in camera inspection be made "[u]pon completion" of direct examination." In the cause sub judice, however, appellant never made any such motion at all; rather, he merely accepted an offer made by the trial court to conduct such an inspection and that inspection was performed after cross-examination had already begun. Any request for such an inspection was clearly out of rule at this point and we find it somewhat curious that appellant is contesting actions taken for his benefit that the trial court was not required to take. Be that as it may, we find no merit in any of his arguments.
Appellant suggests that the trial court violated Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(g) by not having defense counsel and the prosecutor present when the in camera inspection was conducted. We are not persuaded. The portion of the transcript cited above shows the court commenting that "we were in chambers." The court's use of the term "we" tends to convey that both sides were represented at the time of the inspection. We find no evidence or indication to the contrary.
Appellant also charges that there were, in fact, inconsistencies between Nurse Augustine's testimony and her written statement. Unfortunately, there is no copy of that statement in the record for us to review and determine if that was indeed the case. Appellant argues that the trial court committed reversible error by not making sure that such a copy was included in the record. We note, however, that the court expressly directed the prosecution and the court reporter to include a copy of that statement in the record. It is therefore logical to assume that the absence of the report was merely an oversight by one of those parties. In any event, appellant could have supplemented the record pursuant to App.R. 9(E). Defense counsel could also have objected, on the record, to the trial court's finding that no inconsistencies existed. Neither of these actions were taken and, thus, we must afford a presumption of correctness to the proceedings below.
Even assuming arguendo that the trial court had failed to properly discharge its duties under Crim.R. 16(B)(1)(g), we would nevertheless find this issue to constitute harmless error. Appellant was not on trial for masturbating in front of Nurse Augustine. Rather, the charges against him were for assaulting Officers Daniel and Good. Nurse Augustine merely provided background information as to why those officers were transferring him to "the hole." It stretches the imagination to contend that any inconsistencies in her testimony would have caused the jury to disregard the various other SOCF personnel who testified concerning that assault and acquit appellant on both offenses. Accordingly, for these reasons, we overrule appellant's second assignment of error.
We begin our review of this argument by noting that an indigent defendant has a right to competent legal counsel, but not a right to counsel of his own choosing. Thurston v. Maxwell (1965),
A defendant bears the burden of providing the grounds for a motion for appointment of new counsel. State v. Carter (1998),
Our first observation is that no written motion explains appellant's request. Indeed, there appears to be only an oral request made at a pre-trial conference on January 28, 2000, at which time the following colloquy occurred between the trial court and appellant:
"THE COURT: Mr. Bomar, anything you want to say?
THE DEFENDANT: Yeah. I would like to dismissed [sic] my attorney and have another counsel to represent me.
THE COURT: For what reason?
THE DEFENDANT: Well, the primary reason, I don't want to use him.
THE COURT: Why? What's your reason for not wanting [counsel] as your lawyer?
THE DEFENDANT: Misrepresentation.
THE COURT: Such as?
THE DEFENDANT: Such as, you know, he doesn't fit my criteria. I don't want him.
THE COURT: What's your criteria?
THE DEFENDANT: I ain't got no more to say. I don't want him. I want somebody else to represent me."
It is manifestly clear from this exchange that the trial court carried out its duty to make an inquiry into appellant's request for new counsel. Appellant, when given the opportunity, gave no reason for his request beyond a bare explanation that his attorney did not meet certain undefined "criteria." We find no error in the court's decision not to pursue the matter any further and no abuse of discretion in its denying the request altogether. The fourth assignment of error is accordingly overruled.
Having reviewed all errors assigned and argued in the briefs, and finding no merit in any of them, the judgment of the trial court is hereby affirmed.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Scioto County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
If a stay of execution of sentence and release upon bail has been previously granted, it is continued for a period of sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The purpose of said stay is to allow appellant to file with the Ohio Supreme Court an application for a stay during the pendency of the proceedings in that court. The stay as herein continued will terminate at the expiration of the sixty day period.
The stay will also terminate if appellant fails to file a notice of appeal with the Ohio Supreme Court in the forty-five day period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Ohio Supreme Court. Additionally, if the Ohio Supreme Court dismisses the appeal prior to the expiration of said sixty days, the stay will terminate as of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute that mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Exceptions.
Kline, P.J. Evans, J.: Concur in Judgment Opinion
___________________________ Peter B. Abele, Judge
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