State v. Kennard, Unpublished Decision (6-1-2001)
State v. Kennard, Unpublished Decision (6-1-2001)
Opinion of the Court
Prior to a consideration of appellant's sole assignment of error, we must discuss the state of the record in this appeal. In its praecipe ordering the necessary parts of the record, appellant indicated that no transcript of the proceedings below was available; therefore, a statement of the evidence pursuant to App.R. 9(C) would be filed. Appellant submitted a proposed statement of evidence, appellee filed objections and amendments and the trial court signed and filed "Findings of Fact" as set forth by appellee. In addition, a videotape of the stop and arrest of appellee was viewed by the trial court and is included in the record of this appeal. Thus, our review is limited to a consideration of the trial court's approved findings, the trial court's judgment and the videotape. That is, we cannot consider the facts provided in appellant's proposed statement of the evidence and as set forth in its brief.
The record reveals that at approximately 2:00 a.m. on April 21, 2000, State Highway Patrol Trooper Brian Gocksetter observed appellee operating a motor vehicle that lacked a functioning license plate light. After following appellant's vehicle for a short distance and seeing the vehicle weave within its lane, he stopped her. According to the trooper, appellee had slurred speech and either a moderate or strong odor of alcohol about her person. Therefore, the trooper decided to administer field sobriety tests and conducted a breath test on a portable breath testing apparatus. He subsequently arrested appellant and transported her to an Ohio State Highway Patrol Post where appellee submitted to a breath alcohol test. The results of the test disclosed that appellee had a breath alcohol level of .168 of one gram by weight of alcohol per two hundred ten liters of breath.
In his order granting the motion to suppress, the municipal judge found that "the officer had no probable cause to administer field sobriety tests and/or to arrest the defendant" and suppressed all evidence obtained from "the conducting of field sobriety tests, portable breath tests, breath alcohol tests conducted at the Ohio Highway Patrol Post or other evidence following the officer's initial interview with the defendant." Additionally, in his approved findings, the trial judge held:
"a) The trooper's recollection of the facts is not sufficiently accurate to form the basis for a conclusion that the trooper was justified in requesting the Appellant to submit to any field sobriety tests;
"b) The trooper had an insufficient factual basis for requiring Appellant to submit to either field sobriety tests or to a breath-alcohol test;
"c) In serving as the trier of fact and as the primary judge of the credibility of witnesses, this Court finds there to be insufficient evidence upon which to conclude that the trooper was justified in causing Appellant to submit to the tests aforesaid."
In its appeal of this judgment, the state raises one assignment of error:
"The Trial Court erred in failing to apply the appropriate test or correct law and/or incorrectly decided the ultimate issue raised in the defendant's motion to suppress in holding that there was no probable cause to administer field sobriety tests and/or to arrest the defendant in this case."
Appellant first argues that the trial court employed the incorrect standard for determining whether the evidence offered at the suppression hearing justified the trooper's further investigation of this matter by conducting field sobriety tests.
A police officer does not need probable cause before conducting field sobriety tests. All that is required is a reasonable, articulable suspicion of criminal activity. State v. Sanders (1998),
Nevertheless, insomuch as the record of this cause discloses that the trial court's judgment rests upon the credibility of the witnesses, we conclude that said error is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Crim.R. 52; Chapman v. California (1967),
The determination of the existence of a reasonable, articulable suspicion to conduct field sobriety tests depends on the totality of the relevant circumstances. State v. Evans,
Appellant also asserts that the trial court should have denied the motion to suppress because Trooper Gocksetter had probable cause to arrest appellee. In determining whether the police had probable cause to arrest an individual for DUI, a court must consider whether, at the moment of arrest, the police had sufficient information, derived from a reasonably trustworthy source of facts and circumstances, sufficient to cause a prudent person to believe that the suspect was driving under the influence. Beck v. Ohio (1964),
The judgment of the Norwalk Municipal Court is affirmed. Appellant, the state of Ohio, is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See, also, 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4, amended 1/1/98.
________________________ Peter M. Handwork, JUDGE
James R. Sherck, J. CONCUR.
Melvin L. Resnick, J., dissents.
Dissenting Opinion
I strongly dissent to the result achieved in this case. First, the municipal court committed an error of law in applying probable cause, a higher constitutional standard, rather than a reasonable, articulable suspicion, in determining whether conducting field sobriety tests violated the Fourth Amendment ban against unreasonable searches and seizures. In such an instance, we cannot correct the trial court's error by applying the correct standard to the evidence offered at the suppression hearing. That is a matter solely within the purview of the trial court. See State v. DeLong (May 12, 1999), Paulding App. No. 11-99-02, unreported. I would therefore refrain from usurping the trial court's authority.
Moreover, the majority's foundation for reaching the merits of this case is faulty. The "Findings of Fact" adopted by the municipal court are actually a statement of the evidence in lieu of a transcript, filed pursuant to App.R. 9(C). As such, the court's conclusions of law as to witness credibility have no place in the statement and should be disregarded by this court. A fortiori, it follows that the trial court's failure to apply the proper constitutional standard cannot be harmless error. For these reasons, I would reverse and remand this cause for application of the correct standard by the trial court.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.