State v. Slone, Unpublished Decision (8-9-2002)
State v. Slone, Unpublished Decision (8-9-2002)
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
Defendant, Raymond Slone, appeals from his conviction and sentence for gross sexual imposition, which was entered on a jury's verdict of guilty.The victim of the offense of which Slone was convicted is A.B. She complained to police that Slone had "groped" her when she called at his place of business, an auto sales lot. Her purpose in going there was to sell consumer products. Police then put a "wire" on A.B. and sent her back to Slone's place of business, hoping that she would elicit incriminating statements from Slone that the officers could monitor.
The record doesn't reveal what incriminating statements, if any, Slone made. But, after he was indicted on a charge of gross sexual imposition, Slone filed a motion to suppress any evidence of statements he made to A.B. Slone claimed that the methods used to obtain them "violate the fundamental fairness guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment and due process." He also argued that the statements "were obtained by coercion or by improper conduct or inducement and must be suppressed."
The trial court overruled Slone's motion to suppress, holding that because A.B. had consented to police monitoring of her conversations with Slone, the evidence police obtained was exempt from suppression pursuant to R.C.
Title III of the Federal Crime Control Act of 1968 prohibits wiretapping and makes the fruits of wiretapping inadmissible in any criminal proceeding, federal or state. However, state officials may engage in wiretapping if authorized by a state statute that meets the requirements of Title III. R.C. Chapter 2933 addresses those requirements. R.C.
"(A) `Wire communication' means an aural transfer that is made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wires or similar methods of connecting the point of origin of the communication and the point of reception of the communication, including the use of a method of connecting the point of origin and the point of reception of the communication in a switching station, if the facilities are furnished or operated by a person engaged in providing or operating the facilities for the transmission of communications. `Wire communication' includes an electronic storage of a wire communication.
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"(C) `Intercept' means the aural or other acquisition of the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication through the use of an interception device."
R.C.
The foregoing provisions prohibit interception in Ohio of a "wire communication" by a person who is not a party to it, except a police officer who has been given permission by one of the parties to the communication to intercept it. Those provisions do not prohibit electronic interception of a form of communication that is not a "wire communication," as that is defined. That definition of a wire communication does not include a face-to-face conversation between persons. Therefore, police may intercept a face-to-face communication electronically, unless in so doing they somehow violate the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures.
In State v. Williams, supra, the defendant sought to suppress evidencethat was similarly obtained, but on a claim that the informant who worethe "wire" had been coerced by police to cooperate. The First Districtfound that threats to prosecute the informant if she didn't cooperate mayhave "backed (her) into a legal corner," Id., at 496, but that thosethreats didn't amount to coercion to obtain the consent that R.C.
Defendant Slone didn't claim that police coerced A.B. to wear a wire. Indeed, his claim was not founded on the prohibitions of R.C.
Slone argues, as he did in the trial court, that because A.B. was an agent of the police who gained entry to his business by subterfuge in order to elicit incriminating statements from him that officers could electronically monitor and record from a "wire" she wore, Slone's Fourth Amendment rights were violated. We do not agree.
"In these circumstances, `no interest, legitimately protected by the Fourth Amendment is involved,' for that amendment affords no protection to `a wrongdoer's misplaced belief that a person to whom he voluntarily confides his wrongdoing will not reveal it.' Hoffa v. United States at302,
The same applies when the government agent is in the suspect's place of business with his consent, so long as the agent does not violate the privacy of the office by seizing something surreptitiously without the suspect's knowledge. Lopez v. United States (1963),
Though the trial court misconstrued the gist of Slone's motion tosuppress when it resolved his claim on the basis of R.C."It would be a dubious service to the genuine liberties protected by the Fourth Amendment to make them bedfellows with spurious liberties improvised by farfetched analogies which would liken eavesdropping on a conversation, with the connivance of one of the parties, to an unreasonable search or seizure. We find no violation of the Fourth Amendment here." On Lee v. United States (1952),
343 U.S. 747 ,754 ,72 S.Ct. 967 ,96 L.Ed.2d 1270 ,1276 .
FAIN, J. and YOUNG, J., concur.
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