Alexander v. Seward, Unpublished Decision (11-20-2002)
Alexander v. Seward, Unpublished Decision (11-20-2002)
Opinion of the Court
{¶ 3} The parties stipulate that the vehicle Alexander was operating at the time of the accident was not owned by Camoplast and was not listed as a covered auto on Camoplast's policy schedule. Further, they stipulate that Alexander was not acting in the scope of her employment at the time of the accident.
{¶ 4} Continental filed a motion for summary judgment, asserting that its policy unambiguously identifies who is an insured under the policy, that Alexander clearly was not an insured under the circumstances of the accident in this case, and therefore that a finding of coverage is not warranted. The trial court agreed, finding that Continental's policy clearly and unambiguously excludes Alexander from coverage under the circumstances. Therefore, the trial court granted Continental's motion for summary judgment. The trial court's ruling disposed of all of Alexander's claims against Continental, and the trial court made an express determination that there is no just cause for delay.
{¶ 5} Alexander appeals, asserting the following single assignment of error: "The trial court erred in granting [Continental's] motion for summary judgment."
{¶ 7} In reviewing whether an entry of summary judgment is appropriate, an appellate court must independently review the record and the inferences that can be drawn from it to determine if the opposing party can possibly prevail. Morehead,
{¶ 9} Where provisions of an insurance contract "are reasonably susceptible of more than one interpretation, they will be construed strictly against the insurer and liberally in favor of the insured." Kingv. Nationwide Ins. Co. (1988),
{¶ 10} An exclusion from coverage must be clear and exact in order to be given effect; "that which is not clearly excluded is included."Johnston v. Akron Ctr. for Reproductive Health, Inc. (1990),
{¶ 11} However, when the terms of an insurance contract are clear and unambiguous, the trial court may not effectively "create a new contract by finding an intent not expressed in the clear language employed by the parties." Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. Mitchell-Peterson,Inc. (1989),
{¶ 12} Under Ohio statutory law as it existed at the time of Alexander's accident, an insurer's failure to either provide UM coverage or obtain a valid written rejection of UM coverage results in the insured acquiring UM coverage by operation of law. See Gyori v. Coca-ColaBottling Group (1996),
{¶ 13} Additionally, under Ohio law an insurance policy that names a corporation as its insured may extend coverage to an individual employee of the corporation, even if the employee was not an officer of the corporation and was not acting within the scope of his employment at the time of injury. Scott-Pontzer v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co. (1999),
{¶ 15} Continental argues that, contrary to Alexander's assertion, the policy it sold to Camoplast provides UM coverage by its plain language, and thus UM coverage exists under the plain language of the policy, not by operation of law. Additionally, Continental maintains that the policy, again by its plain language, simply does not include Alexander as an insured covered by the UM provision of the policy in the circumstances of this case. Thus, Continental contends that neitherGyori nor Scott-Pontzer apply to this case.
{¶ 16} As Continental notes in its brief to this court, construing an insurance policy in favor of an insured does not necessarily require construing the policy in favor of the party seeking coverage. The named insured under the policy in this case is Camoplast.
{¶ 17} Camoplast's policy provides in part that Continental extends UM and Underinsured Motorist ("UIM") coverage to "[o]nly those `autos' you own that because of the law in the state where they are licensed or principally garaged are required to have and cannot reject Uninsured Motorists Coverage." Ohio law does not prohibit the rejection of UM coverage, but requires the rejection to be in writing. SeeShindollar, supra at ¶ 11; Gyori, supra; R.C.
{¶ 18} Compelling as Alexander's logic seems at first blush, Alexander neglects to mention that the policy also includes an endorsement entitled "Ohio Uninsured Motorist Coverage Bodily Injury." Alexander does not dispute that this endorsement was part of the insurance contract at the time of her accident. Across the top, the endorsement reads "THIS ENDORESMENT CHANGES THE POLICY. PLEASE READ IT CAREFULLY." The endorsement clearly and unambiguously provides UM coverage to the "insured." Camoplast paid a premium to receive UM coverage pursuant to the endorsement.
{¶ 19} Alexander contends that we should ignore this endorsement because it conflicts with the "covered autos" section quoted above. However, the rules of construction require us to strive to give effect to all terms of the contract, to the plain meaning of the contract, and, if possible, to the manifest intent of the parties. Cleveland Elec.Illuminating Co., 37 Ohio St.3d at paragraph three of the syllabus, citing Seringetti, supra. Alexander's construction of the insurance contract would result in a finding that Camoplast's policy does not contain UM coverage, despite the fact that Camoplast paid a premium for UM coverage and possesses a contract stating that Continental is providing it with UM coverage. Especially when construing the language of the policy in favor of the named insured, we find that the policy Continental sold to Camoplast provides UM coverage to Camoplast.
{¶ 20} Having determined that the policy provides UM coverage, we now must decide whether Alexander was an insured under the policy at the time of her accident. The UM endorsement in Camoplast's policy identifies "who is an insured" under the policy, when the named insured is a corporation, as "[a]nyone occupying a covered `auto' or a temporary substitute for a covered `auto'."2 Under the section titled "Exclusions" the endorsement states that the UM coverage does not extend to "[a]nyone occupying or using an auto which is not a covered `auto' while used outside the scope of the Named Insured's business."
{¶ 21} We find that this language is unambiguous. Unlike the policy at issue in Scott-Pontzer, where the definition of "who is an insured" was ambiguous, in this case the policy clearly identifies an insured as an individual occupying a covered auto. By the plain language of the policy, an individual is an insured only when operating or occupying a covered auto or a temporary substitute for a covered auto. Alexander does not dispute that her husband's car is not a covered auto listed on Camoplast's policy, nor does she assert that she was using her husband's car as a temporary substitute for a covered auto. Therefore, Alexander was not an insured under the policy at the time of the accident.
{¶ 22} Moreover, the policy contains an explicit exclusion for anyone occupying an auto that is not a covered auto while used outside the scope of the named insured's business. Alexander does not dispute that she was not acting in the scope of her employment with Camoplast when the accident occurred and, as noted above, she was occupying an auto that is not a covered auto. Therefore, Alexander is specifically excluded from coverage based on the circumstances of the accident.
{¶ 23} In sum, we find that no genuine issue of material fact exists, that Alexander is not an insured under the UM coverage provided to Camoplast pursuant to the policy Camoplast purchased from Continental, and that reasonable minds can only conclude that Continental is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Ross County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of the date of this entry.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 for the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Exceptions.
Abele, P.J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
Evans, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.
{¶ b} "B. Who Is An Insured {¶ c} "1. If the Named Insured is designated in the Declarations as: {¶ e} "b. A partnership, limited liability company, corporation or any other form of organization, then the following are `insured'; {¶ f} "(1) Anyone occupying a covered `auto' or a temporary substitute for a covered `auto.'"
{¶ d} "* * *
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