Griffith v. Wausau Business Ins., Unpublished Decision (3-4-2003)
Griffith v. Wausau Business Ins., Unpublished Decision (3-4-2003)
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Wausau Business Insurance Company ("Wausau"), appeals from a final judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas awarding plaintiffs-appellees, Kathleen Griffith and James Griffith, (1) $636,046.13 on their claims for underinsured motorist ("UIM") coverage under an insurance policy Wausau issued, and (2) prejudgment interest from the date plaintiff Kathleen Griffith (individually, "plaintiff") was injured in a motor vehicle accident that gave rise to plaintiffs' UIM claims.{¶ 2} On September 14, 1999, plaintiff was driving an automobile her husband James Griffith owned, when a vehicle Donald Riley was driving struck the Griffith vehicle head on, causing serious personal injury to plaintiff. Riley, at fault in the accident, was insured under an automobile liability insurance policy with State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company ("State Farm"). State Farm offered its liability limits of $100,000 in exchange for settlement of plaintiffs' claims against Riley and a waiver of plaintiffs' insurers' subrogation claims against Riley.
{¶ 3} At the time of the accident, plaintiff was employed as a teacher with the Granville Exempted Village School District ("Granville"), but was not acting within the course and scope of her employment. Wausau insured Granville under a business automobile insurance policy that provided uninsured/UIM motorist coverage in the amount of $1,000,000 per accident. Plaintiff submitted claims for UIM coverage under the Wausau policy, but Wausau denied plaintiff had coverage. On May 18, 2000, plaintiffs filed a complaint for declaratory judgment, asserting that by virtue of Scott-Pontzer v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co. (1999),
{¶ 4} On September 27, 2001, following the parties' motion and cross-motion for summary judgment on the issue of coverage, the trial court concluded plaintiffs are entitled, pursuant to Scott-Pontzer, to UIM coverage under the Wausau business automobile policy issued to Granville, subject to actual damages. More particularly, the trial court noted the policy language defining an "insured" in the Wausau policy is identical to the policy language in Scott-Pontzer. Accordingly, the trial court applied the rationale of Scott-Pontzer and determined that, although the named insured of the Wausau policy is Granville, plaintiff, as an employee of Granville, is an "insured" for purposes of UIM coverage, even though she was not acting in the course and scope of her employment with Granville at the time of the accident. The trial court additionally determined James Griffith, as plaintiff's spouse, also is an insured for purposes of the policy's UIM coverage, pursuant to Ezawa v. Yasuda Fire Marine Ins. Co. of Am. (1999),
{¶ 5} Following a jury trial on the issue of damages, the jury returned verdicts in favor of plaintiff in the amount of $731,446.13 and James Griffith in the amount of $6,600. On April 19, 2002, the trial court entered judgment against Wausau for $638,046.13, reflecting the combined jury award to plaintiffs, reduced by a setoff of $100,000 plaintiffs had received as settlement of their claims against Riley. On June 7, 2002, the trial court entered final judgment against Wausau, incorporating the previous judgment and awarding plaintiffs prejudgment interest calculated as of the date of the automobile accident on September 14, 1999.
{¶ 6} Wausau appeals, assigning the following errors:
{¶ 7} "1. The trial court erred to the prejudice of Defendant-Appellant Wausau Business Insurance Company in denying its motion for summary judgment and in granting Plaintiffs-Appellees' motion for summary judgment.
{¶ 8} "2. The trial court erred to the prejudice of Defendant-Appellant Wausau Business Insurance Company in granting Plaintiffs prejudgment interest on the jury's verdict from the date of the accident."
{¶ 9} In its first assignment of error, Wausau asserts the trial court erred in determining, by way of summary judgment, that plaintiffs were entitled to UIM coverage under Wausau's business automobile policy issued to Granville, plaintiff's employer.
{¶ 10} Appellate review of summary judgments is de novo, under which the appellate court stands in the shoes of the trial court and conducts an independent review of the record. Advanced Analytics Laboratories v. Kegler, Brown, Hill Ritter,
{¶ 11} Wausau acknowledges the policy language at issue in Scott-Pontzer and Ezawa is the same language used in Wausau's policy with Granville. However, Wausau asserts the policies in Scott-Pontzer and Ezawa are factually distinguishable from the policy at issue in this case: the policies in Scott-Pontzer and Ezawa were issued to private corporations, while the Wausau policy was issued to a public school district. Wausau asserts that, unlike a private corporation, a board of education has limited authority to enter into any contractual agreement, including the purchase of insurance. Wausau points to R.C.
{¶ 12} In Scott-Pontzer, plaintiff's decedent, who was not in the course of his employment, died as a result of an automobile accident that occurred while he was driving his spouse's automobile. The Supreme Court addressed whether the decedent was an insured under his employer's commercial automobile liability insurance policy, which contained a provision for UIM coverage. The declarations page of the policy named the employer corporation as the named insured. Construing language in the policy that defines an "insured" for purposes of UIM coverage, which is identical to that used in the Wausau policy, the Supreme Court held that employees of the corporation were "insureds" under the policy for purposes of UIM coverage. The Supreme Court further held the employees were entitled to UIM coverage under the policy regardless of whether the employees were acting within the scope of their employment. In Ezawa, the Supreme Court extended Scott-Pontzer to cover family members of employees.
{¶ 13} In Roberts v. Wausau Business Ins. Co.,
{¶ 14} Regarding Wausau's contention, presented again in this appeal, that statutory provisions, including R.C.
{¶ 15} "[T]here is nothing in these statutory provisions that precludes a board of education from purchasing and/or extending UIM coverage to its employees under the circumstances presented here. Indeed, as appellees point out, the Revised Code specifically authorizes political subdivisions and/or boards of education to purchase UIM coverage for its employees, and there is nothing limiting that coverage to only those employees who are within the scope and course of employment." Roberts at ¶ 61.
{¶ 16} Roberts also found unpersuasive Wausau's argument, raised again here, that the plaintiff, a teacher for a public school district, was not an "employee" as defined in R.C.
{¶ 17} Wausau urges this court not to follow Roberts and to hold that the rationale of Scott-Pontzer does not extend to business automobile policies of insurance issued to school district boards of education. Consistent with Roberts, however, the analysis of the Supreme Court in Scott-Pontzer, and the extension of Scott-Pontzer in Ezawa, apply to the Wausau policy issued to Granville. Roberts is in accord with other Ohio state courts of appeals that have addressed this issue and have similarly, and unanimously, concluded the analysis of Scott-Pontzer applies to commercial automobile policies of insurance issued to school district boards of education. See Mizen v. Utica Natl. Ins. Group (2002),
{¶ 18} In its second assignment of error, Wausau asserts the trial court erred in calculating prejudgment interest on the underlying judgment from the date of the automobile accident, September 14, 1999.
{¶ 19} In First Bank of Marietta v. L.C. Ltd. (Dec. 28, 1999), Franklin App. No. 99AP-304, this court explained:
{¶ 20} "Prejudgment interest `acts as compensation and serves ultimately to make the aggrieved party whole.' Royal Electric Constr. Corp. v. Ohio State University (1995),
{¶ 21} UIM claims are contract claims subject to prejudgment interest under R.C.
{¶ 22} Wausau does not dispute that if plaintiffs are entitled to UIM benefits under Granville's insurance policy, they are entitled to prejudgment interest pursuant to R.C.
{¶ 23} The trial court concluded the date State Farm, Riley's liability insurance company, paid plaintiffs has no relevance in this case. The trial court noted plaintiffs had an offer from the tortfeasor to pay his limits long before they were actually paid, but Wausau refused to give plaintiffs the consent they needed to release the tortfeasor and to accept the tortfeasor's money. Without Wausau's consent, plaintiffs' accepting the money exposed them to a claim that they failed to protect Wausau's subrogation interests. The court concluded it would unfairly prejudice plaintiffs to allow Wausau to avoid paying prejudgment interest while plaintiffs protected Wausau's subrogation rights. In order to fully compensate plaintiffs, the trial court awarded prejudgment interest from September 14, 1999, the date plaintiffs began to accrue damages from the accident.
{¶ 24} The court in Landis has vested the trial court with a wide degree of discretion in selecting the time from which prejudgment interest will accrue, specifically deeming the date of the accident to be a permissible time for the accrual of interest to begin. Id. at 342. See Roberts (concluding prejudgment interest appropriately accrued from the date of the accident where the insurer asserted a later date was proper, but the insurer would have denied the plaintiffs' claim for UIM coverage even if the claim had been made at that later time).
{¶ 25} Here, we cannot say the trial court's decision to award prejudgment interest from the date of the accident is an abuse of discretion. The Supreme Court in Landis was concerned with the injustice that occurs when an insurer improperly denies benefits to which its insured is entitled. Landis at 341-342. Similarly, the trial court here was concerned with unfair prejudice to plaintiffs if Wausau was "rewarded" by not having to pay prejudgment interest for the period of time it refused to give its consent to release of the tortfeasor's payment, even though plaintiffs protected Wausau's subrogation rights during that time period.
{¶ 26} Accordingly, the trial court's decision to award prejudgment interest from the date of the accident was not an abuse of discretion. Wausau's second assignment of error is accordingly overruled.
{¶ 27} Having overruled Wausau's two assignments of error, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment affirmed.
BOWMAN and LAZARUS, JJ., concur.
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