State v. Ingram, Unpublished Decision (1-29-2003)
State v. Ingram, Unpublished Decision (1-29-2003)
Opinion of the Court
This cause was heard upon the record in the trial court. Each error assigned has been reviewed and the following disposition is made: {¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant Bernie Ingram has appealed from orders of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas that denied his pretrial motions 1) to suppress evidence, 2) for a change of venue, and 3) to sever the charges of the indictment for separate trials. This Court affirms.
{¶ 3} Detective John Dalessandro conducted a check of the license plate number, and discovered that the suspects' vehicle was registered to Appellant. The detective independently presented to each victim a photo array consisting of six photos, including a picture of Appellant. Both victims selected the picture of Appellant and identified him as one of the assailants.
{¶ 4} In November 2001, Appellant was indicted on one count of having a weapon while under a disability, in violation of R.C.
{¶ 6} In his first assignment of error, Appellant has argued that the trial court erred in overruling his motion to suppress the victims' identification of Appellant from a photo array. Appellant has contended that the procedures used to identify him were unduly suggestive and unreliable because his name appeared on the photograph of him used in the array.
{¶ 7} In reviewing the trial court's ruling on Appellant's motion to suppress the photo array, this Court reviews the trial court's findings of fact only for clear error, giving due weight to the inferences drawn from those facts. Ornelas v. United States (1996),
{¶ 8} "`When a witness has been confronted with a suspect before trial, due process requires a court to suppress her identification of the suspect if the confrontation was unnecessarily suggestive of the suspect's guilt and the identification was unreliable under all the circumstances.' (Emphasis added.)" State v. Murphy (1991),
{¶ 9} Appellant has contended that the identification procedure was unnecessarily suggestive because his name appeared on the sheet of paper containing his photograph used in the photo array, while none of the other photos included the names of the persons depicted. Appellant has argued that conversations between police and dispatchers in which Appellant's name was spoken may have been broadcast over the police radio frequency within earshot of the victims. Appellant has maintained that the victims might have heard Appellant's name being broadcast over the police radio, and may have been influenced thereby to identify Appellant from the photo array based on his name rather than his appearance.
{¶ 10} Detective Dalessandro was the sole witness to testify at the hearing on the motion to suppress. The detective testified that he first heard Appellant's name in connection with the case while en route to the scene of the robbery. He then contacted the police department's dispatcher and requested that she retrieve a photograph of Appellant from the Bureau of Motor Vehicles' ("BMV") files. The detective stated that the dispatcher relayed the description of Appellant contained in the file. Detective Dalessandro testified that he then spoke with the victims, who provided descriptions matching the dispatcher's description of Appellant, and requested that the dispatcher generate several more photographs from the BMV files for purposes of producing a photo array. The detective stated that he was uncertain whether these communications were transmitted over his cruiser's police radio or by cellular telephone. The detective also testified that other officers reached the scene and spoke with the victims before he arrived at the Brubaker Insurance Company.
{¶ 11} The photographs used for the photo array were introduced into evidence without objection at the suppression hearing. The array consisted of six letter-sized sheets of paper numbered one through six. Each sheet contained a color photograph of a black male and personal information relating to the individual represented in the photograph. Specifically, the personal information included a social security number, an operator's license number, hair and eye colors, height, and weight. Each sheet contained other information, including the source of the photograph, the date and time of the search request, and the person who made the request. On the sheet containing Appellant's photograph and corresponding information was included a line reading: "Comment: BERNIE INGRAM." The remaining sheets did not include the names of the persons represented in the photographs.
{¶ 12} Detective Dalessandro testified that he independently showed each victim the photo array, and each identified Appellant's picture as the photograph of one of the assailants. The detective stated that the victims did not know the name of the suspect at the time he presented the photo array to them. According to the detective, each victim became visibly shaken upon seeing the photograph of Appellant.
{¶ 13} After thoroughly reviewing the record, we conclude that the trial court properly determined that the identification procedure by which the victims identified Appellant's photograph was not unnecessarily suggestive. The record is bereft of any evidence that the victims heard Appellant's name prior to their identification of his picture in the photo array. On the contrary, Detective Dalessandro testified that the victims did not have any idea of the name of any suspects prior to his presentation of the photo array. Appellant's inference, based on the detective's concession that it was possible that the victims heard Appellant's name being broadcast over the police radio, is mere speculation. The detective could not positively rule out Appellant's theory because he was not present with the victims at the time Appellant has argued that they may have overheard the broadcasting of his name.
{¶ 14} Because the photo array was not unduly suggestive, any remaining questions as to reliability go to the weight rather than the admissibility of the identification. Wills,
{¶ 16} In his second assignment of error, Appellant has argued that the trial court erred in denying his motions for a change of venue and to sever the charges of the indictment for separate trials. As Appellant's second assignment of error raises two distinct issues, we will separately address each in turn.
{¶ 17} Appellant has first argued that pretrial publicity regarding himself and the events leading to his arrest and trial predisposed potential jurors in Summit County to believe that he was guilty. Pursuant to Crim.R. 18(B), a trial court "may transfer an action to any court having jurisdiction of the subject matter outside the county in which trial would otherwise be held, when it appears that a fair and impartial trial cannot be held in the court in which the action is pending." Whether to order a change of venue "`rests largely in the discretion of the trial court, and *** appellate courts should not disturb the trial court's ruling *** unless it is clearly shown that the trial court had abused its discretion.'" State v. Maurer (1984),
{¶ 18} In support of his motion in the trial court, Appellant offered into evidence two newspaper articles describing the circumstances of the robbery and identifying Appellant as the primary suspect. Appellant presented no evidence with respect to how many potential jurors may have been exposed to the articles, or the effect of any such exposure on potential jurors. In denying the motion, the trial court made clear that it would reconsider Appellant's motion in the event that the court experienced difficulty in impaneling a jury that would fairly and impartially hear the case. Because he entered a plea of no contest and was found guilty by the trial court before the commencement of any voir dire proceedings, there is no record of any prejudicial effect from pretrial publicity.
{¶ 19} As Appellant has failed to demonstrate any prejudice from the publication of the newspaper articles he submitted into evidence, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion for a change of venue.
{¶ 20} Appellant has next argued that the trial court erred in denying his motion to sever the charge of having a weapon under a disability from the remaining counts of the indictment for separate trials. Crim.R. 8(A) provides that joinder of offenses is proper if the offenses "are based on the same act or transaction." However, "[i]f it appears that a defendant *** is prejudiced by a joinder of offenses *** in an indictment, *** the court shall order an election or separate trial of counts, *** or provide such other relief as justice requires." Crim.R. 14. In order to prevail on a claim that the trial court erred in denying a motion to sever charges for separate trials, an appellant:
{¶ 21} "[H]as the burden of affirmatively showing that his rights were prejudiced; he must furnish the trial court with sufficient information so that it can weigh the considerations favoring joinder against the defendant's right to a fair trial, and he must demonstrate that the court abused its discretion in refusing to separate the charges for trial." State v. Torres (1981),
{¶ 22} Appellant has contended that the admission into evidence of his prior record of convictions, which was an essential element of the charge of having a weapon under a disability, would have prejudiced the jury in its consideration of his guilt or innocence of the felony robbery charges. However, at the hearing at which the trial court accepted Appellant's no contest plea, counsel for both Appellant and the state averred that the "firearm" originally thought to be used by Appellant during the commission of the robbery was, in fact, later determined to be a BB or a pellet gun. Consequently, the state moved to dismiss the charge of having a weapon under a disability and the firearm specifications, and to reduce the counts of aggravated robbery to robbery. As the trial court dismissed the charge of having a weapon under a disability, Appellant's argument that the trial court erred in denying his motion to sever that charge from the remaining counts has been rendered moot. See, e.g., Statev. Smith (Oct. 29, 1997), 9th Dist. No. 96CA006463, at 4 (finding argument that trial court erred in denying motion to sever bribery charge from murder charge was moot where appellant was acquitted of murder, and thus could have suffered no prejudice from the joinder). Appellant's second assignment of error is not well taken.
BAIRD, P.J. CONCURS.
CARR, J. CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
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