[Cite as State v. Morrison,

.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO

STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120406 TRIAL NO. B-1104142 Plaintiff-Appellee, :

vs. : O P I N I O N. ANTOINNE MORRISON, :

Defendant-Appellant. :

Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas

Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: March 15, 2013

Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Melynda J. Machol, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,

Kevin T. Bobo, for Defendant-Appellant.

Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

S YLVIA S IEVE H ENDON , Presiding Judge.

{¶1} After the trial court denied his motion to suppress the evidence recovered

during a warrantless search, Antoinne Morrison entered a plea of no contest to possession

of heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A). The trial court sentenced him to two years’

community control.

{¶2} Morrison now appeals. In a single assignment of error, he argues that the

trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress. He contends that the police officers

who arrested him did not have probable cause to conduct a warrantless search of his person.

{¶3} At the suppression hearing, the state presented evidence that an undercover

police officer watched Morrison, the sole occupant of his car, park his car in a restaurant

parking lot. A man and a woman drove into the lot, got out of their car, and walked over to

Morrison’s passenger window. Morrison handed something small out of the window to

each of them, and they handed him money.

{¶4} Then Morrison drove out of the parking lot, and a police surveillance team

followed him. Officer Howard Fox radioed for an officer in a marked police cruiser to make

a traffic stop because Morrison had changed lanes without signaling. In addition, Officer

Fox requested a narcotics detection dog.

{¶5} When Morrison was stopped, the police officers asked him to get out of his

car. Morrison appeared to be agitated and nervous. He denied having “anything on him” or

in his car. Officer Fox patted Morrison down to check for weapons and then placed him in

the rear of a police cruiser.

{¶6} Police Specialist Scott McManis arrived within four minutes of the traffic

stop. He walked a narcotics detection dog around Morrison’s car, and the dog alerted at the

driver’s-side door handle. Specialist McManis testified that the dog’s response indicated the

presence of an odor of marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, or heroin. Once inside

2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

Morrison’s car, the dog alerted at two different areas on the dashboard: on the radio

faceplate controls and on the interior temperature controls. A search of Morrison’s car

revealed no narcotics.

{¶7} Specialist McManis testified that, based on his own training and experience,

the dog’s alerts indicated areas where a person might have placed his hands after having

handled narcotics. He relayed his assessment to the other police officers at the scene.

Officers asked Morrison to get out of the cruiser. As Officer Fox felt around Morrison’s

waist, he “felt something.” In a little pocket near the waistband of Morrison’s underwear,

Officer Fox found a small bindle of heroin. Morrison said that the underwear “wasn’t his.”

{¶8} At the suppression hearing, Morrison specifically waived any argument with

respect to the certification and training of the narcotics detection dog. The trial court

overruled Morrison’s motion to suppress, and found him guilty following his no-contest

plea.

{¶9} On appeal, Morrison acknowledges that the drug dog’s alert had given the

police officers probable cause to search his car. See, e.g., Florida v. Harris, ___ U.S. ___,

___ S.Ct. ___, ___ L.Ed.2d___,

(Feb. 19, 2013), fn.2 (“a well-

trained dog’s alert establishes a fair probability–all that is required for probable cause—that

either drugs or evidence of a drug crime * * * will be found.”) But, he argues, the “negative

search” of his car did not necessitate the conclusion that drugs must have been on his

person.

{¶10} Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law

and fact. State v. Burnside,

,

,

. An

appellate court must accept the trial court's findings of fact if they are supported by

competent, credible evidence.

Accepting those facts as true, the appellate court must

3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

then independently determine, without deference to the trial court's conclusion, whether the

facts satisfy the applicable legal standard.

{¶11} If a police “officer has probable cause to believe that an individual has

committed even a very minor criminal offense in his presence, he may, without violating the

Fourth Amendment, arrest the offender.” Atwater v. City of Lago Vista,

,

,

(2001). Probable cause “requires only a probability or

substantial chance of criminal activity, not an actual showing of such activity.” Illinois v.

Gates,

,

,

(1983), fn. 14. If a police officer has

received information from a police radio broadcast that gives him reasonable grounds to

believe that a felony has been committed, the officer has probable cause to make an arrest.

See State v. Fultz,

,

(1968), paragraph two of the syllabus.

{¶12} In this case, the undercover officer testified that Morrison’s two hand-to-hand

transactions through the passenger window of his car, in which he had exchanged small

items for money, was behavior that was consistent with drug sales. His radio broadcast

describing the activity provided probable cause for the other officers to stop Morrison’s car

and to arrest him, irrespective of the traffic violation that Officer Fox had witnessed. State

v. Gilmore, 1st Dist. Nos. C-070521 and C-070522,

. Moreover, the

alerts by the narcotics detection dog on the driver’s-side door handle and on the dashboard

controls, as well as Morrison’s agitated and nervous behavior, further added to a reasonable

belief that a felony had been committed. Consequently, the police had probable cause to

arrest Morrison. Once the officers had probable cause to arrest Morrison, they were

authorized to conduct a warrantless search of his person incident to his arrest. See Davis v.

United States, ___ U.S. ___,

,

(2011), citing Chimel v.

California,

,

,

(1969).

4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS

Conclusion

{¶13} Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not err in overruling Morrison’s

motion to suppress the evidence recovered from his underwear during a search incident to

his lawful arrest. We overrule the assignment of error and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Judgment affirmed.

HILDEBRANDT and DEWINE, JJ., concur.

Please note:

The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.

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