[Cite as State v. Thadur,

.]

COURT OF APPEALS ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. Hon. John W. Wise, J. -vs- Case No.

SRILATHA THADUR

Defendant-Appellant OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Municipal Court, Case No. 14 TRD 7577

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 4, 2016

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

RICHARD P. WOLFE, II CHARLES A. KOENIG DIRECTOR OF LAW TODD A. LONG ANDREW N. BUSH KOENIG & LONG ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF LAW 5354 North High Street 1213 East Main Street Columbus, Ohio 43214 Ashland, Ohio 44805 Ashland County, Case No.

2

Wise, J.

{¶1} Appellant Srilatha Thadur appeals from her conviction, in the Ashland

Municipal Court, on two misdemeanor counts of vehicular manslaughter. Appellee is the

State of Ohio. The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.

{¶2} On August 19, 2014, while it was still daylight, appellant was operating a

Mercedes-Benz automobile eastbound on State Route 302 in Ashland County, Ohio,

when she completely failed to stop at a stop sign at the intersection of 302 and U.S. Route

42. Her automobile thereupon struck a Chrysler van that was travelling southbound on

Route 42. The collision resulted in the deaths of two passengers in the van, Loretta

Meacham and Autumn Meacham. The driver of the van, Joshua Morr, and a three-year-

old passenger survived the crash.

{¶3} Appellant was subsequently charged with two counts of vehicular homicide,

both misdemeanors of the first degree, and failure to yield at a stop sign, a minor

misdemeanor.

{¶4} On February 20, 2015, appellant, with the assistance of counsel, entered

pleas of no contest to two amended charges of vehicular manslaughter (R.C.

2903.06(A)(4)), both misdemeanors of the second degree, with the stop sign charge

dismissed.

{¶5} On April 17, 2015, the matter proceeded to sentencing. The court was inter

alia provided with a PSI report, an accident reconstruction report, and several character

reference letters regarding appellant. Following said hearing, the trial court imposed

consecutive ninety-day terms for each count, for a total sentence of one-hundred and

eighty days in jail. Ashland County, Case No.

3

{¶6} On May 15, 2015, appellant filed a notice of appeal. She herein raises the

following three Assignments of Error:

{¶7} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT SENTENCED APPELLANT TO

MAXIMUM CONSECUTIVE TERMS OF INCARCERATION WHICH WERE

INCONSISTENT WITH THE OVERRIDING PURPOSES OF THE MISDEMEANOR

SENTENCING REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN OHIO REVISED CODE SECTION

2929.21.

{¶8} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT SENTENCED APPELLANT TO

MAXIMUM CONSECUTIVE TERMS OF INCARCERATION WITHOUT CONSIDERING

THE FACTORS REQUIRED BY OHIO REVISED CODE SECTION 2929.22.

{¶9} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT IMPOSED UPON APPELLANT

THE LONGEST JAIL TERMS AUTHORIZED BY LAW, IN CONTRAVENTION OF THE

SENTENCING LIMITATIONS REQUIRED BY ORC 2929.22(C).”

I.

{¶10} In her First Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred in

sentencing her to maximum consecutive sentences on the two vehicular manslaughter

counts, in light of the sentencing requirements of R.C. 2929.21. We disagree.

{¶11} Generally, misdemeanor sentencing is within the sound discretion of the

trial court and will not be disturbed upon review if the sentence is within the limits of the

applicable statute. State v. Smith, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 05CA0006,

,

citing State v. Pass, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-92-017,

. See, also, State v.

Chadwick, 5th Dist. Knox No. 08CA15,

, ¶ 30. An abuse of discretion

implies the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. State v. Adams Ashland County, Case No.

4

(1980),

,

. Furthermore, there is no requirement that a

trial court, in sentencing on misdemeanor offenses, specifically state its reasons on the

record. State v. Harpster, 5th Dist. Ashland No.

, 2005–Ohio–1046, ¶ 20.

{¶12} We first note there is no requirement of mandatory jail time for a violation of

R.C. 2903.06(A)(4), vehicular manslaughter. However, the sentences ordered in the case

sub judice were within the statutory ranges for these two second-degree misdemeanors.

See R.C. 2929.24(A)(2).

{¶13} R.C. 2929.21(A) first states that “[a] court that sentences an offender for a

misdemeanor *** shall be guided by the overriding purposes of misdemeanor sentencing.

***.” The overriding purposes of misdemeanor sentencing are to protect the public from

future crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender. R.C. 2929.21(A). In

order to achieve those purposes, a sentencing court must consider “the impact of the

offense upon the victim and the need for changing the offender's behavior, rehabilitating

the offender, and making restitution to the victim of the offense, the public, or the victim

and the public.” Id.; State v. Coleman, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 05CA3037,

.

{¶14} In addition, R.C. 2929.21(B) states in pertinent part as follows: “A sentence

imposed for a misdemeanor *** shall be reasonably calculated to achieve the two

overriding purposes of misdemeanor sentencing set forth in division (A) of this section,

commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the offender's conduct and

its impact upon the victim, and consistent with sentences imposed for similar offenses

committed by similar offenders.” Ashland County, Case No.

5

{¶15} Thus, under R.C. 2929.21(A) and (B), as appellant properly summarizes in

her brief, in order to achieve the purposes of protecting the public from future crime and

punishing the offender, the sentencing court is to inter alia consider the offender’s

conduct, the impact of the offender’s conduct on the victims, and the consistency of the

sentence with sentences for similar offenses.

{¶16} In regard to the aforesaid statutory “overriding purposes” of misdemeanor

sentencing, the record before us indicates appellant, who is a medical doctor pursuing

her residency requirements, has no prior criminal record, no prior convictions involving

operation of a motor vehicle, and no demonstrated substance abuse issues. There was

no allegation via the plea that appellant at the time in question was driving recklessly or

operating under the influence of drugs or alcohol. The trial judge, in his colloquy with

appellant at sentencing, seemed convinced that the deadly collision was basically “the

fault of you not paying attention as you approached that intersection.” Tr., April 17, 2015,

at 12. The judge also noted that “ *** I get that this is a dangerous intersection” and that

“there are quite a few accidents in that area.” Sentencing Tr. at 8.

{¶17} However, the trial court observed that appellant, despite her medical

training, had done very little on the day in question to assist the crash victims from the

van. See Sentencing Tr. at 13-14. In addition to Loretta Meacham and Autumn Meacham,

who were ejected and fatally injured, a three-year-old child in the van was having

breathing difficulties and had turned blue. Appellant mostly stayed in her car after the

crash, although she told the court at sentencing that she had suffered a concussion at the

scene and felt as if she were in a dreamlike state. See Tr. at 17. It was then up to some

passing motorists, including an off-duty nurse, to assist the victims before first responders Ashland County, Case No.

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arrived. The court also observed that Autumn had been a twenty-five year-old mother,

and that Loretta, age seventy-seven, had acted as a “spiritual leader” to her family. See

Tr. at 27.

{¶18} Accordingly, we find the trial court, at sentencing, adequately considered

the offender’s conduct and the impact of the offender’s conduct per the statute.

{¶19} In regard to the consistency in sentencing argument, appellant bears a

significant burden and must provide us with the detail necessary to establish that the

sentence is inconsistent with other relevant sentences. See State v. Friesen, 3rd Dist.

Crawford No. 3-05-06,

, ¶ 16 - ¶ 19. Ohio courts have recognized that

consistency in sentencing does not necessarily mean uniformity. See State v. Ryan, 1st

Dist. Hamilton No. C–020283, 2003–Ohio–1188, ¶ 10 (addressing felony sentencing). As

an appellate court, we may decline to compare a particular defendant's sentences with

similar crimes in this or other jurisdictions unless there is an inference of gross

disproportionality. State v. King, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT06–0020,

(addressing felony sentencing). Appellant herein does not refer us to any cases

from the Ashland Municipal Court, but she cites a vehicular homicide case and a vehicular

manslaughter case from two other appellate districts and three vehicular manslaughter

cases from the Fifth District.1 Of the latter three cases, none of the sentences were more

than thirty unsuspended jail days.

1 See State v. Johnson, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 04-CA-126,

, 2005- Ohio-6826; State v.

State v. McDonald, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2006-CA-80,

; State v. Simpson, 5th Dist. Knox No. 2007CA00022,

; State v. Reid, 5th Dist. Licking No. 13-CA-68,

. Ashland County, Case No.

7

{¶20} Having considered the foregoing, we find appellant’s inconsistency claim to

be insufficient to warrant reversal of her sentences.

{¶21} Accordingly, upon review, we find the trial court properly considered the

aforementioned facts as part of its R.C. 2929.21 analysis, and the trial court did not abuse

its discretion in this instance in ordering maximum consecutive jail sentences for the two

second-degree misdemeanors.

{¶22} Appellant's First Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.

II.

{¶23} In her Second Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court

erroneously failed to consider the factors for misdemeanor sentencing under R.C.

2929.22 in ordering maximum consecutive jail terms. We disagree.

{¶24} R.C. 2929.22 states in pertinent part as follows:

(A) Unless a mandatory jail term is required to be imposed *** a court

that imposes a sentence under this chapter upon an offender for a

misdemeanor or minor misdemeanor has discretion to determine the most

effective way to achieve the purposes and principles of sentencing set forth

in section 2929.21 of the Revised Code.

Unless a specific sanction is required to be imposed or is precluded

from being imposed by the section setting forth an offense or the penalty for

an offense or by any provision of sections 2929.23 to 2929.28 of the

Revised Code, a court that imposes a sentence upon an offender for a

misdemeanor may impose on the offender any sanction or combination of

sanctions under sections 2929.24 to 2929.28 of the Revised Code. The Ashland County, Case No.

8

court shall not impose a sentence that imposes an unnecessary burden on

local government resources.

(B)(1) In determining the appropriate sentence for a misdemeanor,

the court shall consider all of the following factors:

(a) The nature and circumstances of the offense or offenses;

(b) Whether the circumstances regarding the offender and the

offense or offenses indicate that the offender has a history of persistent

criminal activity and that the offender's character and condition reveal a

substantial risk that the offender will commit another offense;

(c) Whether the circumstances regarding the offender and the

offense or offenses indicate that the offender's history, character, and

condition reveal a substantial risk that the offender will be a danger to others

and that the offender's conduct has been characterized by a pattern of

repetitive, compulsive, or aggressive behavior with heedless indifference to

the consequences;

(d) Whether the victim's youth, age, disability, or other factor made

the victim particularly vulnerable to the offense or made the impact of the

offense more serious;

(e) Whether the offender is likely to commit future crimes in general,

in addition to the circumstances described in divisions (B)(1)(b) and (c) of

this section;

(f) Whether the offender has an emotional, mental, or physical

condition that is traceable to the offender's service in the armed forces of Ashland County, Case No.

9

the United States and that was a contributing factor in the offender's

commission of the offense or offenses;

(g) The offender's military service record.

(2) In determining the appropriate sentence for a misdemeanor, in

addition to complying with division (B)(1) of this section, the court may

consider any other factors that are relevant to achieving the purposes and

principles of sentencing set forth in section 2929.21 of the Revised Code.

{¶25} “***.”

{¶26} Even where a record is silent, we must presume the trial court considered

the proper factors enumerated in R.C. 2929.22. State v. Kandel, 5th Dist. Ashland No.

,

.

{¶27} Appellant essentially maintains that of the (B)(1)(a) through (g) factors set

forth above, only (B)(1)(a) is applicable to her. We disagree, and find (B)(1)(d) (the impact

of victim's youth, age, disability, or other factor on the seriousness of the offense) and

(B)(1)(e) (likelihood of future crimes in general) would apply as well. At the sentencing

hearing, despite having earlier stated that the intersection was dangerous (Tr. at 8), the

trial court noted that although there is a gradual curve on Route 302 eastbound ending

more than one-thousand feet before the intersection on U.S. Route 42, the curve had

nothing to do with the accident. Tr. at 9. The court also recognized that a sign is posted

on 302 more than 1,700 feet from the intersection warning drivers of an upcoming stop

sign.

The court also referenced the daylight and dry pavement at the time of the

accident, and observed that appellant had been driving a “very capable automobile.”

Ashland County, Case No.

10

{¶28} The court also noted that appellant, on the morning of the sentencing

hearing, had initially sent a family member to tell the court she would not attend the

sentencing hearing due to a sleep disorder test. See Tr. at 15. Although appellant did

show up for the sentencing hearing with her counsel, the court indicated “there is that

sense I get from you that your concern is about you and not [the victims’ family members].”

However, after interacting with appellant at the hearing, the judge later stated: “*** I do

believe that you feel remorse for what happened out there and that you did accept

responsibility for it.” Tr. at 26. The judge also recognized that appellant is “involved in a

profession that contributes a lot to our society.”

{¶29} Nonetheless, based on our review of the record, we find the trial court

properly considered the factors of R.C. 2929.22 in its analysis, and the trial court did not

abuse its discretion in this regard in ordering maximum consecutive jail sentences.

{¶30} Appellant's Second Assignment of Error is overruled.

III.

{¶31} In her Third Assignment of Error, appellant contends the imposition of

maximum sentences was in contravention of the misdemeanor sentencing limitations set

forth in R.C. 2929.22(C). We disagree.

{¶32} R.C. 2929.22(C) states: “Before imposing a jail term as a sentence for a

misdemeanor, a court shall consider the appropriateness of imposing a community

control sanction or a combination of community control sanctions under sections 2929.25,

2929.26, 2929.27, and 2929.28 of the Revised Code. A court may impose the longest jail

term authorized under section 2929.24 of the Revised Code only upon offenders who

commit the worst forms of the offense or upon offenders whose conduct and response to Ashland County, Case No.

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prior sanctions for prior offenses demonstrate that the imposition of the longest jail term

is necessary to deter the offender from committing a future crime.”

{¶33} Because appellant has no known prior criminal history, the “conduct and

response to prior sanctions for prior offenses” criterion of R.C. 2929.22(C) appears to be

inapplicable herein. But in regard to the “worst forms of the offense” criterion, appellant

concedes there is limited case law guidance as to what constitutes the “worst form” of a

misdemeanor offense. Appellant’s Brief at 25. She contrasts the facts of this matter with

those of State v. Rexroad, 3rd Dist. Wyandot No. 16-08-21,

, which

entailed concurrent maximum sentences on two counts of vehicular homicide (R.C.

2903.06(A)(3)(a)). The defendant in Rexroad was driving an overloaded dump truck,

something for which he had been cited before, and apparently in approaching a stop sign

chose instead to try to speed up to beat another vehicle through the intersection. See id.

at ¶ 2, ¶ 12. While adamantly seeking to avoid demeaning the tragedy to the victims and

their families, appellant urges that the fatal accident in her case resulted from her

inattentiveness to the stop sign at the intersection and was exacerbated by nothing else

on her part, unlike the events in Rexroad.

{¶34} However, upon review, we are unpersuaded the trial court’s implicit

determinations under R.C. 2929.22(C) under the circumstances presented were

unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Appellant's Third Assignment of Error is

therefore overruled. Ashland County, Case No.

12

{¶35} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the

Municipal Court, Ashland County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.

By: Wise, J.

Farmer, J., concurs.

Gwin, P. J., dissents.

___________________________________ HON. JOHN W. WISE

___________________________________ HON. W. SCOTT GWIN

___________________________________ HON. SHEILA G. FARMER

JWW/d 106 Ashland County, Case No.

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Gwin, P.J., dissents {¶36} I respectfully dissent.

{¶37} The trial court in the case at bar places great emphasis on the appellant’s

failure to use “ordinary care.” (T. at 27).

{¶38} The State of Ohio criminalizes the negligent operation of a motor vehicle

that results in another’s death. R.C. 2903.06(A)(3)(a). The state has further criminalized

the violation of what would otherwise be a minor misdemeanor traffic offense if the

violation results in another’s death. R.C. 2903.06(A)(4). The fact that a death occurred is

what makes the offense punishable as a criminal offense. Thus, every case will by

necessity involve a fatality. Logically, then, the fact that a fatality occurred, standing

alone, can never make the offense the “worst for of the offense.” R.C. 2929.22(C).

Indeed, the state does not mandate jail or prison time for every such offense. Compare,

R.C. 2903.06(B)(2)(a); (b); (c) and (E) [requiring mandatory prison time] with R.C.

2903.06(A)(3); (C) and (D)[not requiring a prison sanction].

{¶39} In the case at bar, the trial court imposed the absolute maximum penalty for

each count, consecutively upon a person who has no history of criminal or traffic offenses.

Appellant’s transgression was the failure to perceive and to stop at a stop sign, a charge

that the state dismissed as part of the plea negotiations. No jury was empaneled. No

witnesses or testimony was produced. The sole evidence in this case is the reconstruction

report, the pre-sentence investigation report and the victims’ statements. The trial court

conceded that this is a dangerous intersection at which many accidents have occurred

and that rumble strips had not been installed at the time of the accident. (T. at 8-9).

{¶40} The overriding purposes of misdemeanor sentencing are “to protect the

public from future crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender. To achieve Ashland County, Case No.

14

those purposes, the sentencing court shall consider the impact of the offense upon the

victim and the need for changing the offender’s behavior, rehabilitating the offender, and

making restitution to the victim of the offense, the public, or the victim and the public.”

R.C. 2929.21(A). Further, the sentence must be “commensurate with and not demeaning

to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and its impact upon the victim, and consistent

with sentences imposed for similar offenses committed by similar offenders.” R.C.

2929.21(B). In determining the appropriate sentence, the court “shall consider”

(a) The nature and circumstances of the offense or offenses.

{¶41} As previously noted, a fatality is inherent in every case charged under R.C.

2903.06. Appellant’s transgression was failing to perceive and stop for a stop sign. This

transgression tragically resulted in the loss of two lives and the pain, and devastation of

the lives of the survivors and their families.

(b) Whether the circumstances regarding the offender and the offense or offenses indicate that the offender has a history of persistent criminal activity and that the offender’s character and condition reveal a substantial risk that the offender will commit another offense. {¶42} In the case at bar it is undisputed that appellant has no criminal or traffic

violation history to consider. Nothing in the record suggests a “substantial risk” that

appellant will commit any other criminal offense.

(c) Whether the circumstances regarding the offender and the offense or

offenses indicate that the offender’s history, character, and condition reveal a

substantial risk that the offender will be a danger to others and that the offender’s

conduct has been characterized by a pattern of repetitive, compulsive, or

aggressive behavior with heedless indifference to the consequences; Ashland County, Case No.

15

{¶43} There is no evidence or suggestion is contained within the record before

this Court that there is a “substantial risk” that appellant will be a danger to others. Nor

has appellant demonstrated any repetitive, compulsive or aggressive behavior with

heedless indifference to the consequences. In the case at bar, the state dismissed the

stop sign violation, which is a strict liability offense.

{¶44} The trial court was concerned about appellant’s actions subsequent to the

collision. However, appellant had suffered a neck injury with whiplash and had been

diagnosed with a concussion and a brain hemorrhage. At the time of sentencing,

appellant was undergoing treatment. (T. at 18).

(d) Whether the victim’s youth, age, disability, or other factor made the victim

particularly vulnerable to the offense or made the impact of the offense more

serious.

{¶45} The victims were not particularly vulnerable as this was a traffic accident.

However, the impact upon the surviving child and the families cannot be understated;

however, we must be mindful that this type of impact will happen in every case brought

under R.C. 2903.06.

(e) Whether the offender is likely to commit future crimes in general, in

addition to the circumstances described in divisions (B)(1)(b) and (c) of this

section.

{¶46} No indication in the record that appellant will commit any future criminal

offenses. The opposite is true in this case as any criminal offenses would have a serious

and negative impact on her ability to practice medicine. Ashland County, Case No.

16

(f) Whether the offender has an emotional, mental, or physical condition that

is traceable to the offender’s service in the armed forces of the United States and

that was a contributing factor in the offender’s commission of the offense or

offenses;

(g) The offender’s military service record.

{¶47} Appellant never served in the military.

{¶48} In addition to the above-cited factors, before a trial court can impose any jail

sentence, let alone the maximum jail sentence in a misdemeanor case, the court “shall

consider the appropriateness of imposing a community control sanction or a combination

of community control sanctions under sections 2929.25, 2929.26, 2929.27, and 2929.28

of the Revised Code.” No evidence is contained in the record that the trial court in this

case considered any sanction other than jail.

{¶49} Finally, a “court may impose the longest jail term authorized under section

2929.24 of the Revised Code only upon offenders who commit the worst forms of the

offense or upon offenders whose conduct and response to prior sanctions for prior

offenses demonstrate that the imposition of the longest jail term is necessary to deter the

offender from committing a future crime. R.C. 2929.22(C). (Emphasis added). Appellant

has never been sanctioned before this case. Accordingly, a maximum consecutive jail

term is not necessary deter her from committing a future crime. As previously noted, every

violation of R.C. 2903.06 will result in a fatality. The fact that a fatality occurred does not

make the appellant’s conduct the “worst form of the offense.”

{¶50} While the deference to the families and survivors of the crash cannot be

understated and by no means trivialized, I find the sentence in the case at bar hard to Ashland County, Case No.

17

justify for any reason other than retribution. The legislative wisdom and guidance in this

area cannot be ignored. Jail is not mandated in every case in which a fatality has occurred

and the longest jail sentence is reserved to persons who have demonstrated that they will

not learn from past leniency or have committed particularly egregious forms of crime.

{¶51} I do not find that the overriding purposes and principles of misdemeanor

sentencing is promoted or furthered by the maximum consecutive sentencing in the case

at bar. Therefore, I respectfully dissent.