[Cite as State v. Burge,

.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- Case No. 2016CA00217 CHARLES BURGE

Defendant-Appellant OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Common Pleas Court, Case No. 2015CR1944

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: September 26, 2017

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

JOHN D. FERRERO, ANTHONY T. KAPLANIS Prosecuting Attorney, 701 Courtyard Centre Stark County, Ohio 116 Cleveland Avenue, NW Canton, Ohio 44702 By: KRISTINE W. BEARD Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Appellate Section 110 Central Plaza, South – Suite 510 Canton, Ohio 44702 Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 2

Hoffman, J.

{¶1} Defendant-appellant Charles Burge appeals the judgment entered by the

Stark County Common Pleas Court convicting him of two counts of rape (R.C.

2907.02(A)(1)(b)) and one count of gross sexual imposition (R.C. 2907.05(A)(4)) and

sentencing him to an aggregate term of life imprisonment. Plaintiff-appellee is the State

of Ohio.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

{¶2} Appellant is the natural father of the victim, R.B. During the time of the

incidents, R.B. was between the ages of nine and twelve, and resided with Appellant, her

mother, and her half-sister.

{¶3} When R.B. was around nine or ten years old, Appellant came into her

bedroom prior to a family cookout, and tickled her to wake her up. He put his hands down

her shirt and grabbed her breasts. Over time the sexual advances progressed.

{¶4} R.B. and Appellant frequently rode bikes together. On one bicycle ride,

Appellant led R.B. to a grassy patch off the trail and began to kiss her. Another time

during a camping trip, Appellant came into the tent, kissed R.B., played with her breasts,

and “fingered” her. One night while in the basement, Appellant sat R.B. on his lap. He

began to kiss and “finger” R.B. R.B.’s half sister came into the room, but R.B. was not

sure if she saw anything. During a three year period, Appellant asked R.B. to give him

“hand jobs” and oral sex, and he rubbed his penis on her thigh. He fondled her breasts,

touched her vaginal area with his mouth and fingers, digitally penetrated her vagina, and

kissed her breasts. Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 3

{¶5} When the incidents first began, R.B. asked a friend if it was right for your

dad to touch you. Her friend said no, and was upset by the conversation. Police

responded to the home and questioned R.B. She denied that anything was occurring

because she was afraid that if she disclosed the sexual abuse, something bad would

happen to her mom.

{¶6} R.B. loved her father, and he told her if she disclosed what happened, she

would never see him again. As the abuse progressed, Appellant became mean. During

the last incident of sexual abuse, R.B. laid on top of Appellant and performed oral sex on

him. He ejaculated in her mouth, which caused her to become frightened of pregnancy.

{¶7} R.B. disclosed the abuse to her cousins on August 31, 2014. They

encouraged her to call her mother. After speaking to R.B., her mother confronted

Appellant and ordered him to leave the house. He left and did not return.

{¶8} As a result of the disclosure, the allegations were investigated by the police

and the Stark County Department of Job and Family Services (JFS). Generally when an

allegation of this nature is made, the child is taken to the Children’s Network for a forensic

interview. The interview is watched live by medical professionals to reduce the number

of interviews of the child. However, because the perpetrator lived in the home and the

report was made on Labor Day weekend, the case was handled as an emergency case

and Pamela Spencer, a caseworker with JFS, interviewed R.B. at her cousin’s home.

R.B. was then referred to Akron Children’s Hospital for a medical examination, and to

Northeast Ohio Behavioral Health for a sex abuse evaluation.

{¶9} Alyssa Edgein, a nurse practitioner with Akron Children’s Hospital,

conducted the medical examination. She reviewed Spencer’s notes to obtain an initial Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 4

medical history and guide the focus of her exam. She also interviewed R.B. R.B. noted

physical symptoms including vaginal burning, vaginal pain, itching, self-mutilation, and

nightmares.

{¶10} Carry Schnirring, a psychological assistant at Northeast Ohio Behavioral

health, conducted a sexual abuse assessment and a trauma evaluation of R.B. During

their conversations, R.B. became upset and sobbed. R.B. disclosed that she had

flashbacks about the sexual incidents, during which she felt dizzy and queasy. She told

Schnirring that she felt she was partly to blame because she said yes to Appellant’s

requests for sexual behavior, even though she was very young at the time. Schnirring

diagnosed R.B. with post traumatic stress disorder.

{¶11} Det. Joseph Hill of the Navarre Police Department interviewed Appellant,

who denied all allegations, but admitted to being with R.B. on the bike trail and the

camping trip. Hill collected a Disney blanket which had been on R.B.’s bed, but it tested

negative for the presence of semen.

{¶12} Appellant was indicted by the Stark County Grand Jury for two counts of

rape (one count for digital penetration, one count for oral sex) and for one count of gross

sexual imposition, the victim of the offense being less than thirteen years of age at the

time of the offenses.

{¶13} Appellant filed a motion in limine prior to trial, moving the court to exclude

statements made by the victim during the initial interview with Pamela Spencer pursuant

to State v. Arnold,

,

,

. Appellant also

argued the admission of the victim’s statements through multiple witnesses would be

prejudicially cumulative. Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 5

{¶14} Following an evidentiary hearing, the State agreed to limit the testimony of

Pamela Spencer to her investigative actions, and to not elicit her testimony concerning

R.B.’s statements to her. The court ruled from the bench Schnirring could only testify to

statements she received from the child for purposes of medical treatment. The court’s

ruling was not clear as to whether Edgein could testify concerning the contents of

Spencer’s notes.

{¶15} The case proceeded to jury trial in the Stark County Common Pleas Court.

Appellant was convicted as charged, and ordered to serve a life sentence of incarceration

on each count of rape and an eighteen month sentence for gross sexual imposition, to be

served concurrently for an aggregate term of life imprisonment. He was found to be a

Tier III sex offender. It is from this entry Appellant prosecutes this appeal, assigning four

errors:

{¶16} “I. APPELLANT WAS DENIED A FAIR TRIAL BY THE TRIAL COURT

PERMITTING THE STATE TO ALLOW MULTIPLE WITNESSES TO TESTIFY ABOUT

THE SAME MATERIAL THEREBY BOLSTERING THE ALLEGED VICTIM’S

CREDIBILITY AND ALSO IN VIOLATION OF THE HEARSAY RULES.

{¶17} “II. APPELLANT WAS DENIED A FAIR TRIAL WHEN THE COURT

PERMITTED TESTIMONY THAT WENT BEYOND ANY HEARSAY EXCEPTION.

{¶18} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING APPELLANT’S

CHALLENGE FOR CAUSE OF JUROR 104 THEREBY DENYING APPELLANT A FAIR

TRIAL. Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 6

{¶19} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT’S FINDING OF GUILTY OF RAPE AND GROSS

SEXUAL IMPOSITION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE

AND WAS NOT SUPPORTED BY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.”

I.

{¶20} In his first assignment of error, Appellant first argues the court erred in

admitting the testimony of Alissa Edgein, the nurse practitioner who conducted the

medical examination of R.B., concerning R.B.’s statements to Pamela Spencer, as

contained in Spencer’s notes. He argues Edgein was then permitted to testify as to her

own conversation with R.B., which was unfairly cumulative evidence of the victim’s

statements, and offered solely to bolster the credibility of R.B. He also argues the court

erred in allowing Carrie Schnirring to testify as to the consistency of R.B.’s statements,

and he was unfairly prejudiced by Schnirring’s cumulative recounting of the graphic

details of the alleged acts of sexual abuse.

{¶21} At trial, the prosecutor asked Edgein what history she obtained from Pam

Spencer’s interview of R.B. that was pertinent to her diagnosis and treatment. Appellant’s

objection was overruled. Tr.(II) 21. Edgein then testified concerning R.B.’s names for

various body parts and her description of their functions, and to details of specific sexual

acts as reported to Spencer by R.B., contained within Spencer’s report. Tr.(II) 21-24.

She went on to testify as to how these details assisted her in her medical examination

and treatment of R.B.

{¶22} “ ‘Hearsay’ is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while

testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter

asserted.” Evid. R. 801(C). Pursuant to Evid. R. 802, “Hearsay is not admissible except Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 7

as otherwise provided by the Constitution of the United States, by the Constitution of the

State of Ohio, by statute enacted by the General Assembly not in conflict with a rule of

the Supreme Court of Ohio, by these rules, or by other rules prescribed by the Supreme

Court of Ohio.”

{¶23} Evid. R. 803(4) provides an exception to the hearsay rule for “statements

made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing medical history, or

past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inception or general character of

the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or

treatment.”

{¶24} Pamela Spencer testified at trial normally, the forensic interview of a child

victim is conducted at the advocacy center, where it is viewed live by other professionals,

including medical staff and mental health personnel. In the instant case, Spencer

conducted the forensic interview in the field at R.B.’s cousin’s home due to the emergency

nature of the allegations. She testified the interview was a fact-finding interview, and

resulted in putting a safety plan in place so R.B. would have no contact with Appellant,

and a referral to Northeast Behavioral Health. She further testified R.B. was seen by

medical professionals at Akron Children’s Hospital.

{¶25} The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized the dual role of the forensic

interviewer in a child advocacy center:

Child-advocacy centers are unique. Multidisciplinary teams

cooperate so that the child is interviewed only once and will not have to

retell the story multiple times. Most members of the team retain their Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 8

autonomy. Neither police officers nor medical personnel become agents of

the other. However, to ensure that the child victim goes through only one

interview, the interviewer must elicit as much information from the child as

possible in a single interview and must gather the information needed by

each team member. Thus, the interview serves dual purposes: (1) to gather

forensic information to investigate and potentially prosecute a defendant for

the offense and (2) to elicit information necessary for medical diagnosis and

treatment of the victim. The interviewer acts as an agent of each member

of the multidisciplinary team.

State v. Arnold,

,

,

, ¶ 33

(2010).

{¶26} In the instant case, the interview was conducted not in a child advocacy

center but at R.B.’s cousin’s home. The testimony of Spencer did not reflect she was

eliciting information necessary for the medical diagnosis and treatment of R.B. The focus

at the time of the emergency interview with R.B. was the safety of the victim. Although

the statements were used by Edgein for purposes of medical diagnosis and treatment,

the statements were not given for purposes of medical diagnosis and treatment as defined

by Evid. R. 803(4). In fact, the evidence establishes Edgein conducted her own interview

of R.B. during her medical examination.

{¶27} Further, the statements of R.B. as admitted through the testimony of Edgein

from Spencer’s notes are double hearsay. “Hearsay included within hearsay is not Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 9

excluded under the hearsay rule if each part of the combined statements conforms with

an exception to the hearsay rule provided in these rules.” Evid. R. 805.

{¶28} In State v. Cavinee, 5th Dist. Licking No. 03-CA-32,

, the

appellant on cross-examination attempt to have a detective testify concerning statements

the victim made during a medical examination. He attempted to admit the statements

pursuant to Evid. R. 803(4), as statements made for medical diagnosis or treatment. On

appeal he assigned as error the court’s refusal to allow the detective to testify as to the

victim’s statements included in the medical report. We found the statements inadmissible

as double hearsay:

Evid. R. 803(6) requires that an individual who testifies to the

contents of a business record must be a custodian or other qualified witness

with knowledge of the document or record, and that the documents are kept

in the course of regularly conducted business activity. Detective Slayman

was not qualified to testify concerning the record-keeping practices of

McCleery's business. As there is no hearsay exception under which the

report would qualify, the court did not err in excluding it from evidence.

Id. at ¶12.

{¶29} Although Spencer testified in the instant case, the State did not attempt to

qualify her notes as an exception to the hearsay rule under any of the exceptions set forth

in Evid. R. 803, nor was Edgein able to qualify the notes under either the business record Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 10

or public record (Evid. R. 803(8)) exceptions set forth in Evid. R. 803, as she is not

qualified to testify to the record-keeping practices of Spencer’s office. Therefore, even if

R.B.’s statements included in Spencer’s notes were given for purposes of medical

diagnosis or treatment, the notes were inadmissible hearsay.

{¶30} However, where a declarant testifies and is examined on the same matters

as contained in impermissible hearsay statements, and where admission is essentially

cumulative, such admission is harmless. State v. Tomlinson,

,

(12th Dist. Warren1986). R.B. testified concerning the same sexual

acts contained within Spencer’s notes, and thus the admission of her statements to

Spencer through Edgein’s testimony was harmless.

{¶31} Appellant next argues the court erred in allowing Edgein to testify as to her

own interview of R.B., as such testimony was unfairly cumulative and prejudicial, and

served to bolster the credibility of the victim. Appellant did not object to Edgein’s

testimony concerning her interview of R.B., and we therefore must find plain error to

reverse. In order to prevail under a plain error analysis, Appellant bears the burden of

demonstrating the outcome clearly would have been different but for the error. State v.

Long,

,

(1978). Notice of plain error “is to be taken with

the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a manifest

miscarriage of justice.”

at paragraph three of the syllabus.

{¶32} Evid. R. 403(B) governs the admissibility of cumulative evidence, stating,

“Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially

outweighed by considerations of undue delay, or needless presentation of cumulative

evidence.” Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 11

{¶33} Edgein’s testimony concerning her own interview of R.B. resulted in

cumulative evidence concerning the details of the offense, but appellant has not

demonstrated plain error in its admission. Her testimony concerning her interview of R.B.

was probative as to her medical diagnosis of R.B. Appellant has not demonstrated that

in the absence of the cumulative testimony concerning R.B.’s allegations of sexual abuse,

the outcome of the trial clearly would have been different. Further, while Appellant argues

Edgein’s testimony served to bolster the credibility of R.B., expert testimony which

bolsters a child’s credibility is admissible. See State v. Stowers,

,

(1988).

{¶34} Appellant argues Carrie Schnirring was permitted to testify concerning the

consistency of R.B.’s statements to Spencer, Edgein, and herself. This contention is not

demonstrated by the record. Appellant directs us to Tr.(II), page 73 in support of his

claim, where Schnirring testified as follows:

Q. And in addition to meeting with [R.B.’s mother], you also reviewed

notes from Pamela Spencer, the CPS worker assigned to the case?

A. Yes, I did.

Q. And, and you also reviewed the medical records generated by

Alissa Edgein?

A. That’s correct.

Q. And those were consistent with what you learned from mom

regarding the mental health issues at the time?

A. That’s correct. Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 12

Tr. (II) 73, emphasis added.

{¶35} Contra to Appellant’s argument, Schnirring did not testify the victim’s

statements remained consistent, but rather she testified the mental health concerns

raised by R.B.’s mother, by Spencer, and by Edgein were consistent.

{¶36} Finally, Appellant argues Schnirring should not have been permitted to

testify to the details of what R.B. told her during her sessions with R.B. at Northeast

Behavioral Health. He argues these statements were unfairly prejudicial and cumulative,

particularly due to the graphic nature of the sexual abuse allegations.

{¶37} Evid. R. 403 states:

(A) Exclusion Mandatory. Although relevant, evidence is not

admissible if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger

of unfair prejudice, of confusion of the issues, or of misleading the jury.

(B) Exclusion Discretionary. Although relevant, evidence may be

excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by considerations

of undue delay, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.

{¶38} Again, Appellant failed to object to Schnirring’s testimony concerning what

R.B. told her, and we must find plain error to reverse. Her testimony was probative of the

mental health issues suffered by R.B. and her diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder.

Unfortunately, the details of sexual abuse of a child are not pleasant, but the recounting Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 13

of the details was probative concerning Schnirring’s diagnosis and recommended

treatment plan, and the probative value of her testimony was not substantially outweighed

by the danger of unfair prejudice or the needless presentation of cumulative evidence.

Appellant has not demonstrated plain error in the admission of her testimony.

{¶39} The first assignment of error is overruled.

II.

{¶40} In his second assignment of error, Appellant argues the court erred in

admitting out-of-court statements through the testimony of Edgein that were testimonial

in nature, citing

He specifically argues R.B.’s out-of-court statements

regarding where the abuse occurred, and that Appellant talked to R.B. about having

sexual intercourse on her sixteenth birthday were not for purposes of medical diagnosis

and treatment and therefore inadmissible pursuant to Arnold.

{¶41} Appellant’s reliance on Arnold is misplaced. In Arnold, the Ohio Supreme

Court held statements made to interviewers at child-advocacy centers that serve primarily

a forensic or investigative purpose are testimonial in nature, and inadmissible pursuant

to the Confrontation Clause where the declarant is unavailable for cross-examination.

, at paragraph one of the syllabus. In the instant case, R.B. testified

and was available for cross-examination; therefore, Arnold does not apply and the

Confrontation Clause was not violated by admission of these statements.

{¶42} The second assignment of error is overruled.

III.

{¶43} In his third assignment of error, Appellant argues the court erred in

overruling his challenge for cause of Juror No. 104. Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 14

{¶44} The standard of review concerning whether a prospective juror should be

disqualified for cause is abuse of discretion. Westfall v. Aultman Hosp., 5th Dist. Stark

No. 2015CA00223,

, ¶ 54, citing Stoner v. Stires, 5th Dist. Stark No. 94–

CA–290,

, (Apr. 24, 1995). Pursuant to this standard, we will reverse

the trial court's decision only upon finding the trial court acted arbitrarily, unreasonably or

unconscionably.

If a prospective juror has been challenged for cause, the trial court

should excuse the juror if the court has any doubt as to the juror's being entirely unbiased.

R.C. 2313.17(D).

{¶45} Prior to trial, the jurors were provided with a written questionnaire

concerning sexual conduct. Based on her written response, Juror 104 was asked to

approach the bench for further questioning. The juror stated her grandfather had been

accused of sexually assaulting her cousins, who ranged in age from seven to ten years

old. The juror herself had not been a victim of sexual abuse. The juror stated she wanted

to be fair, but “being a child it’s difficult.” Tr. (I) 152. She stated, “I mean the – do kids

lie? Yes. About this? I don’t – I – it’s hard for me to –” Tr. (I) 152. The court observed

it is very difficult being a juror, especially in a case like this. The court then asked if the

juror could make a decision based on the evidence and the law, and not allow these other

things to interfere with the decision. The juror responded, “Yes, I can do that.” Tr. (I) 153.

{¶46} Upon questioning by the prosecutor, the juror stated the events occurred

over twenty years ago, and she would be able to judge Appellant fairly and impartially.

The juror was then questioned by counsel for the defense: Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 15

Ms. Bible: I guess based on your experience with your family

members I mean do you feel it’s more likely that you’re going to be more

sympathetic towards the victim or more likely to believe the victim just

because of the nature of the charges, the allegations?

Juror #104: Being a child I have to say yes.

Ms. Bible: Okay, because she’s a child.

Juror #104: Just because of that I mean, but I can listen to all of the

evidence and you know.

Ms. Bible: Okay.

The Court: I, I – you’re saying that given the fact is that because of

what’s happened to you or just in general feeling?

Juror #104: I just think everybody would have sympathy for a child,

but you have to hear the evidence and see if it’s actually happened.

Tr. (I) 154.

{¶47} The trial court overruled the challenge for cause, finding the incident was

“way in the past relative to cousins.” Tr. (I) 156. The court concluded having reviewed

her answers and her demeanor, the court would not grant a challenge for cause.

{¶48} We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling Appellant’s

challenge for cause. The court specifically referred to the juror’s demeanor, which we are

not in a position to review on appeal. The juror did not give any indication the past

allegations in her family would affect her ability to decide the instant case based on the Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 16

evidence presented at trial. While she did express sympathy for the victim because the

victim was a child, sympathy and partiality are not necessarily the same, and she

indicated several times she could listen to the evidence and make a decision based on

the evidence presented during trial.

{¶49} The third assignment of error is overruled.

IV.

{¶50} In his fourth assignment of error, Appellant argues the verdicts finding him

guilty of two counts of rape and one count of gross sexual imposition are against the

manifest weight and sufficiency of the evidence.

{¶51} In determining whether a verdict is against the manifest weight of the

evidence, the appellate court acts as a thirteenth juror and “in reviewing the entire record,

weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses,

and determines whether in resolving conflicts in evidence the jury ‘clearly lost its way and

created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and

a new trial ordered.’ ” State v. Thompkins,

, 1997–Ohio–52,

, quoting State v. Martin,

,

(1983).

{¶52} An appellate court's function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence

is to determine whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the

prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime

proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks,

,

,

paragraph two of the syllabus (1991).

{¶53} Appellant was convicted of two counts of rape in violation of R.C.

2907.02(A)(1)(b): Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 17

(A)(1) No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another who is

not the spouse of the offender or who is the spouse of the offender but is

living separate and apart from the offender, when any of the following

applies:

(b) The other person is less than thirteen years of age, whether or

not the offender knows the age of the other person.

{¶54} R.C. 2907.01(A) defines sexual conduct as follows:

(A) “Sexual conduct” means vaginal intercourse between a male and

female; anal intercourse, fellatio, and cunnilingus between persons

regardless of sex; and, without privilege to do so, the insertion, however

slight, of any part of the body or any instrument, apparatus, or other object

into the vaginal or anal opening of another. Penetration, however slight, is

sufficient to complete vaginal or anal intercourse.

{¶55} Appellant was also convicted of one count of gross sexual imposition in

violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4):

(A) No person shall have sexual contact with another, not the spouse

of the offender; cause another, not the spouse of the offender, to have Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 18

sexual contact with the offender; or cause two or more other persons to

have sexual contact when any of the following applies:

(4) The other person, or one of the other persons, is less than thirteen

years of age, whether or not the offender knows the age of that person.

{¶56} Sexual contact is defined by R.C. 2907.01(B) as “any touching of an

erogenous zone of another, including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic

region, or, if the person is a female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually arousing or

gratifying either person.”

{¶57} R.B. testified Appellant put his hand up her shirt and grabbed her breasts

when she was nine years old. She testified during a camping trip, Appellant came into

her tent, kissed her, “fingered” her, and played with her breasts. She testified when she

was between the ages of nine and twelve, he performed oral sex on her, and she

performed oral sex on him. She testified to digital penetration of her vagina by Appellant.

She became scared and reported the sexual abuse after an incident in which he

ejaculated in his mouth. Her testimony alone was sufficient, if believed by the jury, to

support the convictions of two counts of rape and one count of gross sexual imposition.

{¶58} Appellant argues there were no physical findings to substantiate the abuse.

However, Alissa Edgein testified the last incident occurred four to six weeks before R.B.’s

medical examination, and genital wounds heal within 72 hours to four days. Edgein

testified physical findings are present in only around 7% of patients.

{¶59} Appellant also argues the Disney blanket submitted for testing was negative

for the presence of semen, but Det. Hill testified he did not know if the blanket had been Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 19

washed or tampered with prior to testing. Appellant argues there were no efforts to

confiscate R.B.’s telephone despite testimony about messaging between Appellant and

R.B. Hill testified R.B.’s phone only had wi-fi service, and not carrier service from which

records could be obtained. Hill was told the messages were sent from the Kik app, which

is a Canadian app that does not honor United States search warrants. Further, R.B. had

deleted images from her phone, and for all these reasons police did not pursue evidence

from her telephone.

{¶60} Appellant argues Spencer’s notes contained concerns about R.B.

recanting. However, R.B. testified she had earlier denied the sexual abuse to police

because she was concerned something bad would happen to her mom. Appellant argues

R.B.’s testimony is not credible because she testified her sister walked in when Appellant

was fingering her and humping her, yet her sister testified she did not see anything.

However, R.B. testified she was unsure as to whether her sister saw anything, she only

knew her sister walked in when something was going on.

{¶61} Based on the testimony, we do not find the jury lost its way in finding

appellant guilty, and the judgment is not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Stark County, Case No. 2016CA00217 20

{¶62} The fourth assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Stark

County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.

By: Hoffman, J.

Delaney, P.J. and

Baldwin, J. concur