[Cite as Peters v. Akron Gen. Med. Ctr.,

.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )

ADAM C. PETERS, et al. C.A. No. 29479

Appellants

v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE AKRON GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER, COURT OF COMMON PLEAS et al. COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO CASE No. CV-2017-12-5119 Appellees

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: February 5, 2020

CALLAHAN, Judge.

{¶1} Appellants, Adam and Tara Peters, appeal from the judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in favor of Appellees, Akron

General Medical Center, John Pedersen, M.D., Akron Plastic Surgeons, L.L.C., and Michael

Parker, M.D. For the reasons set forth below, this Court reverses and remands the matter for

further proceedings consistent with this decision.

I.

{¶2} On June 22, 2012, Mr. Peters was involved in a workplace accident wherein his

left leg near the distal femur sustained extensive bone fractures and was denuded of cartilage. In

addition to the bone injury, Mr. Peters sustained significant soft tissue injury by way of a deep

laceration extending to the bone that was contaminated with dirt and oil. Dr. Erika Glass, an

orthopedic surgeon, performed multiple surgical procedures on Mr. Peters’ leg to repair the bone

and to clean out the infection in the open wound. 2

{¶3} Due to the damage to his knee, Mr. Peters required a knee replacement. In

preparation for the knee replacement surgery, Dr. Glass referred Mr. Peters to Dr. Pedersen for a

free flap surgery to increase blood flow and healing in Mr. Peters’ leg. Dr. Pedersen, along with

Dr. Parker, performed the free flap surgery on March 28, 2013 at Akron General Medical Center.

Mr. Peters last saw Dr. Parker on the last day of his admission for this procedure. As for Dr.

Pedersen, Mr. Peters did not see him after August 2013.

{¶4} On June 4, 2013, Mr. Peters had an x-ray taken of his leg during his office

appointment with Dr. Glass. The x-ray revealed “a metallic something” on the medial side of

Mr. Peters’ left leg, near the site of the free flap surgery. Dr. Glass consulted with her partner

who suggested that the metal item might be a vascular clamp. Dr. Glass’ office notes from June

4, 2013 reflect that they advised Mr. Peters of the presence of a vascular clamp in his leg.

According to Dr. Glass, that was the extent of the discussion with Mr. Peters regarding the clamp

on that day. Dr. Glass and her partner performed the knee replacement surgery eight days later,

on June 12, 2013.

{¶5} For the next three years, Mr. Peters continued to follow-up with Dr. Glass

regarding the condition of his knee and the infection. Mr. Peters also saw various infectious

disease specialists and was continuously prescribed antibiotics because of the chronic infection

in his leg. During this time, there were no complaints or any discussions about the clamp

between Mr. Peters and Dr. Glass. Mr. Peters’ primary concern was his inability to bend his

knee and his very limited range of motion in the knee. Due to the chronic nature of the infection

in the leg and her concern for a possible amputation, Dr. Glass declined to perform additional

surgical procedures on Mr. Peters’ knee to increase his range of motion. 3

{¶6} Unsatisfied with his knee’s limited range of motion, Mr. Peters sought a second

opinion from another orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Krebs, in October 2016. During the initial

consultation, Dr. Krebs made two recommendations: a knee revision and the removal of the

clamp in Mr. Peters’ leg. The knee revision required two surgeries. The first surgery in

December 2016 removed the original prosthetic knee and the clamp in Mr. Peters’ medial thigh,

while the second surgery performed in May 2017 placed a new prosthetic knee. The knee

revision procedure was successful in significantly increasing Mr. Peters’ range of motion in his

knee. However, Mr. Peters continues to take antibiotics and most likely will for the remainder of

his life.

{¶7} Mr. and Mrs. Peters filed a complaint for negligence, medical malpractice, and

loss of consortium on December 12, 2017 against Akron General Medical Center, Dr. Pedersen,

Akron Plastic Surgeons, LLC, and Dr. Parker (collectively “the Medical Defendants”). Mr. and

Mrs. Peters allege that during the surgery on March 28, 2013, the Medical Defendants

“negligently forgot or failed to remove a metal clamp from the thigh of [Mr.] Peters * * *

[which] caused harms and losses, including infection, surgeries and other economic and non-

economic damages.” Mr. and Mrs. Peters allege they did not discover the Medical Defendants’

negligence until “subsequent treating doctors discovered that the surgical instrument did not

belong in Mr. Peters’ leg and needed to be surgically removed less than one year ago.”

{¶8} After conducting discovery, the Medical Defendants filed motions for summary

judgment based upon Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ claims being barred by the statute of limitations and

the statute of repose. Mr. and Mrs. Peters filed a brief in opposition and reply briefs were filed

by the Medical Defendants. The trial court granted summary judgment as to all counts in favor 4

of Akron General Medical Center, Akron Plastic Surgeons, L.L.C., Dr. Pedersen, and Dr. Parker

based solely upon the statute of limitations.

{¶9} Mr. and Mrs. Peters have timely appealed this judgment entry, asserting two

assignments of error.

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF APPELLEES BY FINDING APPELLANTS’ MEDICAL MALPRACTICE CLAIM BARRED BY R.C. 2305.113(A).

{¶10} Mr. and Mrs. Peters assert that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment

in favor of the Medical Defendants based upon their claims being barred by the statute of

limitations. Specifically, Mr. and Mrs. Peters argue that the trial court erred when it only

considered the date Mr. Peters learned that the clamp was in his leg and failed to consider when

Mr. Peters learned that the clamp’s presence was improper and harming him. We agree with Mr.

and Mrs. Peters only as to their argument regarding the discovery of the clamp’s presence being

improper.

{¶11} This Court reviews an order granting summary judgment de novo. See Bonacorsi

v. Wheeling & Lake Erie Ry. Co.,

,

, citing Doe v.

Shaffer,

(2000). Summary judgment is proper under Civ.R. 56(C) when:

(1) no genuine issue as to any material fact exists; (2) the party moving for summary judgment is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of

the nonmoving party, reasonable minds can only reach one conclusion, and that conclusion is

adverse to the nonmoving party. Civ.R. 56(C); Temple v. Wean United, Inc.,

(1977). 5

{¶12} Summary judgment consists of a burden-shifting framework. The movant bears

the initial burden of demonstrating the absence of genuine issues of material fact concerning the

essential elements of the nonmoving party’s case. Dresher v. Burt,

(1996). Specifically, the moving party must support the motion by pointing to some evidence in

the record of the type listed in Civ.R. 56(C).

. Once the moving party satisfies this

burden, the nonmoving party has a “reciprocal burden” to “‘set forth specific facts showing that

there is a genuine issue for trial[.]’”

, quoting Civ.R. 56(E). The non-moving party may

not rest upon the mere allegations or denials in the pleadings, but must point to or submit

evidence of the type specified in Civ.R. 56(C).

; Civ.R. 56(E).

{¶13} Summary judgment proceedings prohibit the trial court from weighing the

evidence and limit the trial court to construing the evidence in the light most favorable to the

nonmoving party. Nationstar Mtge., LLC v. Waisanen, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 16CA010904, 2017-

Ohio-131, ¶ 8, citing Stewart v. Urig,

,

(9th Dist.),

quoting Harry London Candies, Inc. v. Bernie J. Kosar Greeting Card Co., 9th Dist. Summit No.

20655,

, *3 (Feb. 6, 2002). “A trial court does not have the liberty to choose

among reasonable inferences in the context of summary judgment, and all competing inferences

and questions of credibility must be resolved in the nonmoving party’s favor.” Waisanen at ¶ 8,

citing Perez v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.,

(1988).

{¶14} Pursuant to R.C. 2305.113(A), “an action upon a medical * * * claim shall be

commenced within one year after the cause of action accrued.” In a medical malpractice claim,

the action accrues and the R.C. 2305.113(A) limitations period begins to run (1) “when the

patient discovers or, in the exercise of reasonable care and diligence should have discovered, the

resulting injury,” or (2) “when the physician-patient relationship for that condition terminates, 6

whichever occurs later.” Frysinger v. Leech,

(1987), paragraph one of the

syllabus, explaining and modifying Oliver v. Kaiser Community Health Found.,

(1983), syllabus.1 Accord McGuire v. Milligan, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 03CA0051, 2004-

Ohio-2125, ¶ 7. Thus, it is a “discovery” or a “termination,” whichever occurs later, that

determines the accrual date in a medical malpractice claim. Laidley v. St. Luke’s Med. Ctr., 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 73553,

, *3 (June 3, 1999).

{¶15} Similarly, the “discovery” and “termination” analysis is also used to determine the

accrual date and commencement of the statute of limitations in a medical malpractice action

involving a foreign object. See Spence v. Gohara, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-92-363,

, *2 (Aug. 27, 1993). In a foreign object medical malpractice claim, a claim must be

commenced within one year from when the patient discovered the foreign object or one year

from when the patient, exercising reasonable care and diligence, should have discovered the

foreign object. R.C. 2305.113(D)(2). See Melnyk v. Cleveland Clinic Found.,

(1972) (The one year statute of limitations in a foreign object malpractice claim is

triggered when the patient discovers, or should have discovered through the exercise of

reasonable diligence, the negligent act of leaving a foreign object in the patient’s body.).

{¶16} The Ohio Supreme Court set forth in Hershberger v. Akron City Hosp.,

(1987), and further clarified in Allenius v. Thomas,

(1989), “an

analysis to determine the accrual date for a medical malpractice claim, wherein the occurrence of

a ‘cognizable event’ will trigger the running of the statute of limitations.” Akers v. Alonzo,

(1992). A “cognizable event” is defined as “the occurrence of facts and

1 Both Oliver and Frysinger cite to R.C. 2305.11(A), which is an earlier version of Ohio current’s statute of limitations found at R.C. 2305.113(A). See

; Frysinger at paragraph one of the syllabus. 7

circumstances which lead, or should lead, the patient to believe that the physical condition or

injury of which [he or] she complains is related to a medical diagnosis, treatment, or procedure

that the patient previously received.” Flowers v. Walker,

(1992), citing

Allenius at syllabus. Additionally, “the cognizable event does or should place the patient on

notice of the need to pursue his possible remedies.” Allenius at syllabus. The occurrence of a

cognizable event is viewed under an objective standard. Olszewski v. Blankfield, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 83172,

.

{¶17} Upon the occurrence of the cognizable event, the patient has a “duty to (1)

determine whether the injury suffered is the proximate result of malpractice and (2) ascertain the

identity of the tortfeasor or tortfeasors.” Flowers at syllabus. Thus, once a patient becomes

aware of an injury, it is incumbent upon the patient to fully investigate his or her case. Corcino

v. Neurosurgical Servs., Inc., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 01CA007903,

, *2 (Mar. 27,

2002).

{¶18} Also relevant to the instant matter is the Ohio Supreme Court’s holding in Herr v.

Robinson Mem. Hosp.,

(1990), that “[t]he cognizable-event analysis allows a

patient to reasonably rely on his physician’s assurances while placing a continuing duty on the

medical profession to act with the requisite skill and care.”

. This Court has

recognized that “[i]n Ohio a patient may trust the advice of their physician without having their

subsequent legal remedies prejudiced[.]” Christian v. McDonald, 9th Dist. Lorain No.

98CA007240,

, *2 (July 26, 2000). This position is based upon the fact that a

patient, as a layperson, does not possess medical knowledge regarding the cause of medical

complaints and the effects of medical treatment, and depends almost entirely upon the doctor’s

judgment and is bound to do so under the usual circumstances in each case.

, quoting 8

Bowers v. Santee,

, 366 (1919). Therefore, in determining the cognizable event,

the court must consider a patient’s reasonable reliance upon the assurances from a treating

physician who continues to treat the patient and is alleged to have committed the malpractice.

See

;

. Also relevant is a patient’s reasonable reliance upon the

assurances from concurrent and/or subsequent treating physicians against whom malpractice is

not alleged. See Rose v. Garza, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-04-17,

; Scott v.

Rudy T.J. Lee, M.D., Inc., 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 96-T-5413,

, *7-8 (June 6,

1997); Leftwich v. Martelino,

(4th Dist. 1997); Sparks v.

Blanchard Valley Hosp.,

(3d Dist. 1991). See also Spence,

, at *2

{¶19} There is no dispute amongst the parties that Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ negligence,

medical malpractice, and loss of consortiums claims are all medical claims subject to a one year

statute of limitations. See R.C. 2305.113(A), (E)(3) and (7). Nor is there a dispute that the

medical claims in this case are premised upon a foreign object. Instead, the dispute centers on

what was the cognizable event and when did it occur to trigger the statute of limitations in Mr.

and Mrs. Peters’ causes of action. Mr. and Mrs. Peters argue that the cognizable event was their

discovery that the clamp’s presence was improper and it was causing injury to Mr. Peters by way

of infection and that this occurred on December 13, 2016 when Dr. Krebs removed the clamp

from Mr. Peters’ leg. The Medical Defendants assert that the cognizable event was Dr. Glass

telling Mr. Peters that an x-ray showed a metal object, possibly a clamp, in his leg, which

occurred on June 4, 2013. Alternatively, the Medical Defendants contend that August 15, 20132

2 The Medical Defendants assert this specific date based upon Mr. Peters’ medical records which are not in the record. 9

is the accrual date for the statute of limitations because that is when Mr. Peters last treated with

them.

{¶20} “Generally, the determination of when a cause of action accrues, and thereby

triggers the statute of limitations, will involve a factual analysis.” McGuire,

, citing Shadler v. Purdy,

(6th Dist. 1989). Thus, we must examine

the facts in this case to determine what was the cognizable event which did or should have led

Mr. and Mrs. Peters to believe that the Medical Defendants were negligent in failing to remove a

vascular clamp from his leg and when did that cognizable event occur. See Hershberger,

, at paragraph one of the syllabus.

{¶21} Mr. and Mrs. Peters assert that the trial court’s decision was too narrow as it only

considered the date that Mr. Peters learned that the clamp was in his leg. While Mr. and Mrs.

Peters agree this date is relevant, they contend that the trial court failed to consider other

pertinent facts, such as when Mr. Peters learned that the clamp was harming him and that the

clamp’s presence was improper. They argue that the determination of the cognizable event

required the application of these facts. We will address both sets of facts separately.

The injury

{¶22} Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ argument that the cognizable event in this case is premised

upon when they learned that the clamp was harming him is misplaced. This argument fails

because they have misconstrued what constitutes the injury in a foreign object case.

{¶23} Mr. and Mrs. Peters contend that Mr. Peters’ injury was the infection he

experienced in 2016 as a result of the clamp being left in his leg. However, in a foreign object

medical malpractice case the injury is the presence of the foreign object in the patient’s body.

Doarn v. McAvoy, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-83-299,

, *2 (Jan. 20, 1984) (“The very 10

fact that a foreign object was left in [the patient’s] body indicates an injury to [the patient] upon

which he could claim damages for the negligence of [the medical professional].”). Thus, the

patient discovers an injury in a foreign object case when the patient discovers the foreign object

in his or her body. Lipovecs v. Eisenstat, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 51512,

, *4

(Jan. 8, 1987). See R.C. 2305.112(D)(2) (The statute of limitations commences when the patient

did or with reasonable care and diligence should have discovered the foreign object.).

{¶24} Contrary to Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ argument, the cognizable event in this case was

not the discovery of harm alleged to be originating from the foreign object, but rather it was the

discovery of the foreign object. Accordingly, there was no error by the trial court when it did not

consider the facts regarding when Mr. and Mrs. Peters learned that the clamp was causing him

harm.

The “foreign object”

{¶25} Mr. and Mrs. Peters also argue that the trial court’s cognizable event analysis

failed to consider when they learned that the clamp’s presence was improper. Mr. and Mrs.

Peters assert that while they discovered that an object, the clamp, was in Mr. Peters’ leg in 2013,

they did not discover that the clamp was a “foreign object” until Dr. Krebs removed it in

December 2016, because they reasonably relied upon Dr. Glass that the clamp was not a

problem. The Medical Defendants’ argument presumed that the clamp was a “foreign object”

and, therefore, when Dr. Glass informed Mr. Peters on June 4, 2013 that there was a clamp in his

leg, the cognizable event had occurred.

{¶26} While the term “foreign object” is not defined under the statute, case law has

defined “foreign object” as “an object that is not intentionally left in a patient for sound medical

reasons.” Vucsko v. Cleveland Urology Assocs., Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107498, 2019- 11

Ohio-1992, ¶ 15, citing Melnyk,

. See Favor v. W.L. Gore Assocs., Inc.,

S.D.Ohio No. 2:13-cv-655,

, *3 (Sept. 11, 2013), citing Emery v. Dettling, 9th

Dist. Summit No. 8117,

, *1 (Aug. 4, 1976) (“[T]he exception carved out for a

‘foreign object’ left in a patient’s body is intended to cover objects that should have been

removed from the body, not to objects which are intentionally placed there as part of a medical

procedure to which the patient consented.”); Lipovecs,

, at *4.3

{¶27} Mr. and Mrs. Peters contend that the trial court did not consider the facts related

to when they learned that the clamp was not intentionally left in his leg for a sound medical

reason. Moreover, they assert the trial court did not consider the facts related to their reasonable

reliance upon Dr. Glass regarding the clamp.

{¶28} The trial court focused solely on June 4, 2013 and concluded that “Mr. Peters

knew on June 4, 2013 that there was a foreign object in his leg[.]” To support this conclusion,

the trial court relied upon the fact that “Dr. Glass told [Mr. Peters] on that date that she did not

know if there was a purpose for the placement of that clamp or not.” The trial court also

referenced Dr. Glass’ deposition testimony “that she did not believe she placed that clamp in any

previous surgery, she did not know of any purpose for the clamp to be in Mr. Peters’ leg, and

[she] opined that the clamp wasn’t causing any harm.”

{¶29} The trial court’s reliance upon the foregoing facts to reach its conclusion as to the

cognizable event is problematic for the following reasons. First, the evidence referenced by the

trial court focused on Dr. Glass’ thoughts and beliefs regarding the clamp, as opposed to what

Dr. Glass actually communicated, either by words or actions, to Mr. Peters. Second, Dr. Glass’

3 Based upon the responses to Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ requests for admissions issued to the Medical Defendants, there is no dispute that the clamp left in Mr. Peters’ leg was a foreign object as defined by the case law. 12

June 4, 2013 office note and the deposition testimony of Dr. Glass and Mr. Peters do not support

the trial court’s statement that “Dr. Glass told [Mr. Peters] on that date that she did not know if

there was a purpose for the placement of that clamp or not.”

{¶30} We recognize that Dr. Glass testified that she “did not know if [the clamp] should

be there or not.” However, this answer was in response to why she did not “believe” that the

vascular clamp was causing any harm or trouble to Mr. Peters and does not support the trial

court’s statement that “Dr. Glass told” Mr. Peters such information on June 4, 2013.

{¶31} The June 4, 2013 office note indicates that two x-rays of Mr. Peters’ femur were

taken that day and a “[v]ascular clamp was also noted.” Under the “PLAN” section, the office

note states “Pts xrays were reviewed and discussed[.]” As to what was discussed with Mr. Peters

regarding the x-rays and the clamp at the June 4, 2013 office visit, Dr. Glass testified as follows:

Q. So can you tell us what you found and what you said to [Mr. Peters] about it?

A. Sure. Per my recollection – at this point, I was seeing [Mr. Peters] with one of my partners quite frequently and there was something on the X-ray along the medial side of the leg up higher on the femur. I did not know what it was. It was a metallic something. And I asked my partner, I said, what is this. I did not know what it was. We showed it to [Mr. Peters] and my partner said it might be a vascular clamp. Showed him it was there and that was pretty much it at that time. He –

Q. Okay.

A. That’s what the course of that was.

Accordingly, the June 4, 2013 office note and Dr. Glass’ testimony do not support the trial

court’s statement that “Dr. Glass told [Mr. Peters] on that date that she did not know if there was

a purpose for the placement of that clamp or not.” 13

{¶32} As to Mr. Peters’ testimony, he did not recall when in 2013 that Dr. Glass

discussed the clamp with him, nor did he recall the details of the discussion. However, he

testified that his “takeaway” from the discussion was that Dr. Glass did not know why the clamp

was there. Not knowing why the clamp was in Mr. Peters’ leg is different than not knowing if

there was a purpose for the placement of the clamp. Thus, Mr. Peters’ testimony also does not

support the trial court’s statement and rationale for when Mr. and Mrs. Peters discovered the

foreign object.

{¶33} Instead of construing the evidence in the light most favorable to Mr. and Mrs.

Peters, the trial court appears to have disregarded this evidence and resolved competing

inferences in favor of the moving parties regarding when Mr. and Mrs. Peters knew or should

have known that the clamp was not intentionally left in Mr. Peters’ leg for a sound medical

purpose and therefore was a foreign object. Additionally, the trial court failed to apply the

proper law in determining the cognizable event when it did not undertake any analysis regarding

Mr. Peters’ reliance upon Dr. Glass and whether his reliance was reasonable.

Physician-patient relationship terminated

{¶34} Lastly, the trial court’s decision as to the statute of limitations issue was

incomplete as it did not address when the physician-patient relationship between the Medical

Defendants and Mr. Peters ended. As discussed above, in a medical malpractice claim, including

foreign object cases, the action accrues and the statute of limitations period begins to run upon

whichever occurs later, the discovery of the injury or the termination of the physician-patient

relationship. Frysinger,

at paragraph one of the syllabus, explaining and

modifying Oliver,

at syllabus. See Spence,

, at *2. Because

the trial court failed to consider when the physician-patient relationship terminated, there is no 14

determination of whether the discovery or the termination occurred later. Without this

determination, we are unable to review whether the trial court correctly decided the statute of

limitations issue.

Conclusion

{¶35} In light of the foregoing, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to the

Medical Defendants on all of the medical claims on the basis that the claims were barred by the

statute of limitations. The first assignment of error is sustained.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF APPELLEES BY FINDING APPELLANTS’ MEDICAL MALPRACTICE CLAIM BARRED BY R.C. 2305.113(C).

{¶36} Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ second assignment of error asserts that the trial court erred

when it granted summary judgment based upon the application of R.C. 2305.113(C), the statute

of repose. This assignment of error is premature.

{¶37} Mr. and Mrs. Peters point out in their statement of the case that the trial court did

not address the Medical Defendants’ statute of repose argument. We agree. While the Medical

Defendants moved for summary judgment based upon the statute of repose and the trial court set

forth the law regarding the statute of repose in its decision, the trial court did not decide whether

the statute of repose barred Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ medical claims. Instead, the trial court solely

decided that Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ medical claims were barred by the statute of limitations.

Despite the foregoing, Mr. and Mrs. Peters have assigned as error the trial court granting

summary judgment based upon the statute of repose. 15

{¶38} In light of our resolution of the first assignment of error and because the trial

court did not decide whether the statute of repose barred their claims, Mr. and Mrs. Peters’

second assignment of error is premature.

III.

{¶39} Mr. and Mrs. Peters’ first assignment of error is sustained and their second

assignment of error is premature. The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas

is reversed and the cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Judgment reversed and cause remanded.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellees.

LYNNE S. CALLAHAN FOR THE COURT 16

TEODOSIO, P. J. HENSAL, J. CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

DAVID F. RUDWALL, Attorney at Law, for Appellants.

ROBERT N. LANCASTER, JR., Attorney at Law, for Appellants.

ANDREW M. ENGEL, Attorney at Law, for Appellants.

BRIAN D. SULLIVAN and ERIN SIEBENHAR HESS, Attorneys at Law, for Appellees.

MARC W. GROEDEL, HOLLY MARIE WILSON and, AAREN R. HOST, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.