Strauss v. Village of Conneaut

Strauss was convicted before the police justice for a violation of an ordinance of the village of Conneaut for keeping his place of business open on Sunday.

The ordinance provides “that it shall be unlawful for any person over fourteen years of age to engage in common labor or to open or cause to be opened any building or place for the transaction of business on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday.”

The ordinance further provides in a separate section that its provisions do not extend to persons who conscientiously observe the seventh day of the week as the Sabbath, and who do in fact on that day abstain from the doing of the things prohibited by the ordinance, but does not exempt works of necessity and charity.

Strauss, by his counsel, filed a motion for a new trial which' was overruled by the police justice and six days were given to prepare, have allowed and file a bill of exceptions, which was done.

Application was made to the court of common pleas to file a petition in error, which was granted by the court. Thereupon, the village, by its counsel, filed a motion to strike the bill of exceptions from the files for tbe reason that the police justice had no authority to allow six days to prepare and file a bill of exceptions. The motion was sustained and the petition in error was dismissed by the common pleas court.

The ground of error relied upon is that the ordinance under which Strauss was tried and convicted is invalid for the reason that it does not except works of necessity and charity. The question was not' passed upon by tbe court below for the reason that the ordinance was included in the bill of exceptions, and the bill being stricken from the- files, that-question, as it was claimed, was not before the court. The principal argument before us has been as to whether or not the common pidas court erred hi striking the bill of exceptions from-the files for the reason that the police justice had no authority to give time for' the fifing oí á bill of exceptions.

As to whether or not a municipal court, in a prosecution for a violation of an ordinance, has tbe power to extend-the time after judgment *322for the filing of a bill of exceptions has been much controverted. In two circuits, the sixth and eighth, it has been decided it has no such power, while in the second it is held that it has. As we view the case it is not necessary for us to determine this question for the reason that this court will take judicial notice of the provisions of the ordinance under which the accused was convicted, and its incorporation in the bill of exceptions was unnecessary.

Upon the trial in the municipal court the police justice must have considered the ordinance under which the charge was made independent' of- whether it was introduced in evidence or not. It was not necessary in the- affidavit to aver the existence and contents of the ordinance, nor was it necessary to prove the same. Courts of-general jurisdiction will not take judicial notice of municipal ordinances in original actions brought Upon the ordinance, but in actions in the municipal court in a criminal prosecution for a violation- of the ordinance the jurisdiction of the court depends upon the ordinance under which the prosecution is had. The ordinance is the foundation of the prosecution.

The question has not been determined by our Supreme Court, and so far as we know by any circuit court of this state. While there is a diversity of holding in the other states [17 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (2 ed.) 937], we think the better opinion is that municipal courts will take judi■cial notice of the ordinances of municipalities in actions to enforce the same, and that it is not necessary to introduce the ordinance in evidence. Solomon v. Hughes, 24 Kans. 211; Downing v. Miltonvale, 14 Pac. Rep. 281 [36 Kans. 740]; Moundsville v. Velton, 13 S. E. Rep. 373 [35 W. Va. 217] ; Laporte City v. Goodfellow, 47 Ia. 572; Incorporated Town of Scranton v. Danenbaum, 80 N. W. Rep. 221 [Ia.].

If the municipal court takes judicial notice of the ordinance under which the conviction. is had, the reviewing court must do the same, otherwise the accused would be without remedy. It not being necessary to introduce the ordinance in evidence the record would be barren ■of the ordinance and however invalid the ordinance might be, the accused coaid not have the determination of the reviewing court upon its validity. The reviewing court occupies the same position as the mu-inicipal court in relation to the ordinance; what was law before it is law i in the reviewing court, and what was fact before it, is fact before the reviewing court. The law need not be averred and proven while the facts should be. One is taken judicial notice of, the other must come before |it by bill of exceptions. Hanley v. Donoghue, 116 U. S. 1 [6 S. Ct. Rep. 1242] ; Moundsville v. Velton 13 S. E. Rep. 373 [35 W. Va. 217]; Downing v. Miltonvale, 14 Pac. Rep. 231 [36 Kans. 740] ; Keck v. Cincinnati, 4 Dec. 324; 17 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law (2 ed.), 938.

*323This holding in no way conflicts with the decision in Toledo v. Libbie, 8 Circ. Dec. 589 (19 R. 704, 705). That case was an original action brought in the common pleas court, and that court could not, under the well settled rules of law, take judicial notice of the ordinance, but held that it must be plead and proved, and, therefore, the circuit court upon review could not consider the ordinance, it not being attached to the bill of exceptions. In that case it was said, however, that “ city courts and mayors of villages take judidicial notice of the ordinances of their respective municipal corporations.”

The ordinance in this case is attached to the record and is certified by the police justice as the ordinance under which the conviction was had, and counsel concede that to be so; it shows that no exception is made of works of necessity and charity. However necessary it might have been for the accused to open his store, or whatever charitable purpose it was to subserve, could not have been shown under the ordinance. It must, therefore, be held invalid. Such is the distinct holding in Canton v. Nist, 9 Ohio St. 439. The judgments of the common pleas court and of the police justice are reversed and the accused is discharged at costs of defendant in error. Case remanded to common pleas court for execution.