Keller v. Mosser

Gentlemen of the Jury : Every entry on the lands of another, without licence, is a trespass; for in contemplation of law, every man’s land is enclosed to his own separate use, and subject to his exclusive dominion. Such is the general principle. In applying this general principle to a particular case, we must be careful not to carry it to absurd or unreasonable consequences: as if A’s cattle travel over B’s uninclosed forest lands, I should think that B could not maintain an action of trespass for breaking his close therefor; because *76suc^ ^all^s are free commons throughout the country; and a iega] presumption must not be permitted to outweigh anq reason. Beside, the law supposes every fcrespass to be wilful, to be with force. If then a case should occur, in which a person had stepped on' to his neighbor’s land by mistake, and, without doing any injury whatever, had walked off on to his own land, reason and common sense would teach us that, as here was no possible damage, that, therefore, the action of trespass could not be supported.

Leaving out of consideration all those cases in which there is an actual entry with force, or any injury sustained, whether the consequence of inattention or mistake; I think that the law will not presume damages; and that the plaintiff’s right to recover, cannot be made out, without proof of an intentional occupancy of his land by the defendant, and an actual entry thereon, for some purpose hostile to that sole occupancy and exclusive dominion which the law gives him over it, or an actual injury done by the defendant to his land or buildings.

In this case, if laying the fence could be considered sufficient to support this action, the defendant does not appear to be liable, because he did not direct his workmen to lay it on the plaintiff’s land. To charge him, the trespass must be committed by himself or by his order; but, on the evidence, I am clearly of opinion, that no trespass has been committed: this was a mere mistake of the defendant’s workmen, rectified as soon as discovered, without any damage done to the plaintiff, and consequently without giving him any right of action against the defendant.

Verdict — Not guilty.