Valdez v. State
Valdez v. State
Concurring Opinion
concur in result:
I concur, based on stare decisis, in the discussion dealing with ineffective counsel. See Walker v. State, 933 P.2d 327, 341-43 (Okl.Cr. 1997) (Lumpkin, J., concur in results). I also write separately to further discuss briefly the so-called first “prong” of
This case, together with the other cases applying the Walker methodology, graphically illustrates the point I made in Walker. Simply requiring a petitioner show “appellate counsel actually committed the act which gave rise to the ineffective assistance allegation,” Walker at 333, is in reality — at least on the surface — no requirement at all, and does nothing to differentiate one case from another. As I do not believe this Court actually committed time and resources toward the formulation of a test the first part of which is essentially worthless, I must conclude there is more to this first “prong” than meets the eye. There must be more of a requirement to satisfy the prong than merely allowing post-conviction counsel to raise it in the brief.
I need not get into an extensive discussion at this point. Suffice it to say here that, as more cases are presented to this Court, it may become necessary to elucidate with more precision exactly what requirements must be met to satisfy the first prong of this new test.
. We require citation of authority and specific references to the record to successfully raise an issue on appeal in all other cases or it is waived. The same should be required here.
Dissenting Opinion
dissents.
I dissent and would remand this ease to the trial court for a proper determination of competency for the same reasons I dissented in Walker v. State, 933 P.2d 327, 344 (Okl.Cr. 1997).
Opinion of the Court
ORDER DENYING ORIGINAL APPLICATION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
Gerardo Valdez was tried by a jury and convicted of First Degree Malice Aforethought Murder in violation of 21 O.S.Supp. 1982, § 701.7(A), in Grady County District Court Case No. CRF-89-139. In accordance with the jury’s recommendation, the Honorable James R. Winchester sentenced Valdez to death. Valdez appealed his judgment and sentence to this Court and we affirmed.
In accordance with the recent amendments to the Uniform Post-Conviction Procedure Act, Valdez on July 1,1996, filed his Original Application for Post-conviction Relief in this Court.
Citing Cooper v. Oklahoma,
Valdez argues at the close of his first proposition that his direct appeal attorney was ineffective for failing to raise and thus waiving the Cooper issue. The new capital post-conviction statute sets forth the procedure this Court must follow in determining whether an otherwise procedurally barred substantive claim may be reviewed on the merits. In the context of an ineffective assistance of appellate counsel allegation, an allegedly mishandled claim “could not have been previously raised” and thus will not be procedurally barred if
it is a claim contained in an original timely application for post-conviction relief relating to ineffective assistance of appellate counsel and the Court of Criminal Appeals first finds that if the allegations [of ineffectiveness] were true, the performance of appellate counsel constitutes the denial of reasonably competent assistance of appellate counsel under prevailing professional norms.10
If this Court initially determines that appellate counsel was ineffective, we “may [then] consider the claim [appellate counsel allegedly mishandled] during the post-conviction proceeding or, if appropriate, during the direct appeal.”
According to these guidelines, the threshold inquiry in assessing an ineffective assistance of appellate counsel claim is (1) whether appellate counsel actually committed the act which gave rise to the ineffective assistance allegation. If a petitioner establishes that his or her appellate counsel actually did the thing supporting the allegation of ineffectiveness, the next question is (2) whether such performance was deficient under the first prong of the two-pronged test in Strickland v. Washington.
Our threshold inquiry is whether Valdez’s direct appeal attorney actually committed the act which gave rise to the ineffective
In his second and final proposition, Valdez argues that the trial court administered an insanity instruction
While Valdez does raise claims of both ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel regarding the waiver of his insanity instruction argument, he has failed to set forth facts sufficient to support either one. First, the determination of his ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim does not require fact finding outside the direct appeal record.
For his ineffective assistance of appellate counsel allegation, Valdez simply asserts that his appeal attorney performed de-ficiently in failing to attack trial counsel’s ineffectiveness on the insanity instruction issue. While Valdez’s direct appeal attorney did not in fact attack trial counsel’s performance on this ground, Valdez has failed to establish that such omission constituted deficient performance, instead once again mistakenly theorizing that an attorney who omits a potentially meritorious claim is always ineffective. We cannot and will not find an attorney ineffective on this basis alone. This allegation and proposition two are denied.
After carefully reviewing Valdez’s post-conviction application, we conclude that there exist no controverted, previously unresolved factual issues material to the legality of Valdez’s confinement, that Valdez could have previously raised his collaterally asserted grounds for review, and that the current post-conviction statutes warrant no relief.
. Valdez v. State, 900 P.2d 363 (Okl.Cr. 1995).
. Valdez v. Oklahoma, — U.S. —, 116 S.Ct. 425, 133 L.Ed.2d 341 (1995).
. 22 O.S.Supp.1995, § 1089(D)(1)
. See Hatch v. State, 924 P.2d 284, 292 (Okl.Cr. 1996). See also Mitchell v. State, 934 P.2d 346 (Okl.Cr. 1997).
. — U.S. —, 116 S.Ct. 1373, 134 L.Ed.2d 498 (1996).
. 22 O.S.Supp. 1995, § 1089(D)(9)(a) & (b).
. Id. Under the previous capital post-conviction statutes, we could have applied the Supreme Court's decision in Cooper to this collateral appeal on the ground that the decision constituted an intervening change in the law. See Rojem v. State, 829 P.2d 683, 684 (Okl.Cr. 1992) (post-conviction claims which are based upon intervening changes in constitutional law and which impact judgment or sentence will not be procedurally barred); James v. State, 818 P.2d 918, 920 (Okl.Cr. 1991) (post-conviction claims based upon intervening change in law which did not exist at time of previous appeals will not be procedurally barred). See also 22 O.S.1991, § 1086. However, through the amendments set forth in section 1089(D)(9)(a) & (b), the legislature has greatly circumscribed this Court’s power to apply intervening changes in the law to capital post-conviction applicants. Compare Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288, 309, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 1074, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989) ("Application of constitutional rules not in existence at the time a conviction became final seriously undermines the principle of finality which is essential to the operation of our criminal justice system. Without finality, the criminal law is deprived of much of its deterrent effect.”).
. 933 P.2d 327 (Okl.Cr. 1997).
. Id.
. 22 O.S.Supp. 1995, § 1089(D)(4)(b)(2).
. Id.
. 466 U.S. 668, 677-78, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2059, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). The second "prejudice” prong is not applied at this juncture.
. 22 O.S.Supp. 1995, § 1089(C)(2) (the claim must support a conclusion “either that the outcome of the trial would have been different but for the errors or that the defendant is factually innocent.”). Once the claim is deemed properly raised, this Court would then determine if relief is warranted.
. Walker, 933 P.2d at 333.
. Id. at 334.
. The instruction was verbatim OUJI-CR 729.
. 22 O.S.Supp.1995, §§ 1089(C)(1), and (D)(9)(a) & (b).
. 22 O.S.Supp.1995, § 1089(D)(4)(b)(l).
. We note that the particular instruction at issue, OUJI-CR 729, has recently withstood a similar constitutional attack. See Duckett v. State, 919 P.2d 7, 17 (Okl.Cr. 1995).
. 22 O.S.Supp.1995, § 1089(D)(4)(a)(l), (2) & (3).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Gerardo VALDEZ, Petitioner, v. the STATE of Oklahoma, Respondent
- Cited By
- 21 cases
- Status
- Published