Howrey v. State
Howrey v. State
Dissenting Opinion
Dissents.
T1 I dissent to the Court's decision to vacate the District Court's order denying expungement as I find Appellant was not statutorily eligible to seek expungement of his arrest record.
T2 The record reflects Appellant was initially arrested for Soliciting a Minor for Sex and Indecent Exposure. The District Attorney then reviewed the arrest records and the supporting evidence in order to determine whether criminal charges should be filed. In making that legal decision, the District Attorney determined Solicitation of a Minor was not a criminal offense as set forth in the state criminal statutes. Based upon the evidence, the District Attorney determined the appropriate criminal charge to file was the misdemeanor offense prohibiting the making of obscene, threatening, or harassing phone calls. To this offense, Appellant pled guilty.
13 Under 22 O.S.Supp.1997, § 18(3) Appellant was not entitled to have his arrest record for Soliciting a Minor for Sex expunged as criminal charges were filed on that offensive conduct. That the appropriate criminal charge for the acts committed by Appellant happened to bear a name different from the accusation made by the arresting officer does not change the fact that a ecrimi-nal charge was filed for that conduct. The decision as to which provision of the criminal code the erime is to be charged is properly vested in the prosecutor, and not in the
T4 While Appellant is not entitled to the expungement of his arrest record, he is entitled to have that arrest record corrected to note that the arrest culminated in the prosecution and conviction for Making Obscene, Threatening, or Harrassing Phone Calls.
11 5 I am authorized to state that Judge LILE joins in this dissent.
Opinion of the Court
SUMMARY OPINION
11 Appellant, Michael J. Howrey, petitioned the District Court of Delaware County to order expungement of law enforcement records relating to Delaware County District Court Case Nos. CF-1998-340 and CM-
2 Appellant raises the following propositions of error:
1. Expungement should have been granted because no charges were filed related to the arrest for "Soliciting a Minor for Sex." ©
2. Expungement, or amendment, should have been ordered because the records kept by the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation are in error.
After thorough consideration of the propositions, and the entire record before us on appeal, including the original record, transcripts, and briefs of the parties, we VACATE the district court's order and REMAND for further proceedings.
T3 Appellant was arrested in Delaware County on September 16, 19983. The charges made by the arresting officer (according to the information introduced from Appellant's booking at the jail) were "Indecent Exposure" and "Soliciting a Minor for Sex." The next day, complaints were filed in two separate Delaware County cases, one for the felony charge of Indecent Exposure (21 O.S. 1991, § 1021) (CF-1993-340), and the other for two misdemeanor counts of Obscene, Threatening, or Harassing Telephone Calls (21 O.S.Supp.1998, § 1172) (CM-1993-1102). Appellant ultimately reached a deferred sentencing arrangement with the State, wherein he pled guilty to the charges in exchange for probation terms. Pursuant to 22 O.S.Supp. 1996, § 991c, when Appellant successfully completed his probation, all records of the prosecution in both cases were expunged. However, because expungement of court ree-ords under § 991e has no effect on arrest records kept by law enforcement agencies,
T4 At the expungement hearing, Appéllant argued that the arrest records should be expunged because they were inaccurate and misleading. 'Specifically, Appellant claimed (1) the record of an arrest for "Soliciting a Minor for Indecent Exposure/Obscene Material" should be expunged because no such arrest ever took place; and (2) although he was arrested for "Soliciting a Minor for Sex," any reference thereto should be expunged because no charges were ever filed for that offense. The district court concluded that Appellant's cireumstances did not render him eligible to seek expungement under 22 O.S. § 18. The district court's ruling requires this Court to determine (1) whether the circumstances presented entitle Appellant to petition for expungement, and (2) if so, the extent of the district court's authority if it decides that Appellant is entitled to relief.
T5 The right to seek expungement of arrest records is conferred by statute. In 22 O.S. § 18, the Legislature has enumerated the situations in which a person may seek expungement of "eriminal records." Although § 18 defines expungement as "the sealing of eriminal records," § 19 provides a much more elaborate definition of the district court's powers to restrict access to criminal records. Section 19 also details the procedure to be followed when a person "qualified under Section 18" petitions for expungement.
T6 Appellant's primary complaint (and a fact never contested by the State) is that one of the two charges for which he was initially arrested, "Soliciting a Minor for Sex," was never filed by the district attorney. Appellant contends he is eligible to seek expungement under either of two provisions: 22 O.S. § 18(3), which provides that a person is authorized to seek expungement if he "was arrested and no charges are filed or charges are dismissed within one (1) year of the arrest"; or § 18(4), which provides that a person may seek expungement if "[the stat
I 7 The State argued, and the district court apparently agreed, that because "charges were filed" on some sort of offense in relation to Appellant's arrest (and that charge was not dismissed within one year), the fact that he was never charged with a particular offense for which he was arrested is irrelevant, and cannot be grounds for an expungement petition. The State's position below relies on the use of the term "charges [are/were] filed" in § 18(3) and (4). The State apparently construes this term to mean "any charge of any kind," including but not limited to charges for the accusation made on arrest.
18 The goal of statutory construction is to discern the intent of the Legislature. A statute should be given a construction according to the fair import of its words taken in their usual sense, in connection with the context, and with reference to the purpose of the provision. State v. Anderson, 1998 OK CR 67, ¶ 3, 972 P.2d 32, 33. This Court may also consider the "natural or absurd consequences of any particular interpretation." Id.
19 With these principles in mind, we cannot agree with the district court's construction of 22 O.S. § 18. Six of the nine situations enumerated in $ 18 which permit a person to seek expungement of criminal records involve either insufficiency of evidence or prosecutorial inaction.
I 10 Reading § 18 as a whole, with the aim of rendering each part harmonious with the others, we believe the term "charges [are/ were] filed" as used in § 18(3) and (4) necessarily refers to charges for the accusation made at arrest. Any other construction would lead to anomalous, even absurd, results. The State's construction would place § 18(3) and (4) in conflict with other provisions of the statute which permit expungement after acquittal and reversal of convictions, but which make absolutely no mention of situations where the charge filed differs from the accusation at arrest.
T11 The State's construction would bar persons from seeking expungement even if, in the district attorney's estimation, the accusation at arrest had absolutely no factual basis, and the charge actually filed had no factual relation to the accusation at arrest (e.g., an arrest for first-degree murder, and a subsequent charge of possessing marijuana discovered during book-in at the jail).
113 We conclude that under the cireumstances presented here, Appellant was statutorily eligible to seek expungement of his arrest record, pursuant to 22 O.S. § 18(3) and (4), to the extent that record reflects arrest for an offense for which no charges were filed. Because Appellant is statutorily eligible to seek expungement under 22 O.S. § 18, prejudice to his privacy interests is presumed.
DECISION
T14 The district court's Order Denying Expungement is VACATED and the case is REMANDED for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
. See State ex rel. Hicks v. Freeman, 1990 OK CR 45, ¶ 9, 795 P.2d 110, 112.
. Two of the seven paragraphs of § 18 contain multiple scenarios.
. It is not clear whether the State reads "charges [are/were] filed" to mean "charges were filed which themselves resulted in a final conviction or deferred sentence." The affected sections, § 18(3) and (4), do not supply this condition. Taken literally, the State's construction of the term "charges [are/were] filed" in these sections would mean that whenever the charge at arrest differs from the charge filed, the former can never be expunged regardless of the disposition of the prosecution. For example, § 18(1) permits expungement if the person "has been acquitted." But if the person was arrested for crime X, and charges were filed instead on crime Y and the person was acquitted of crime Y, there has been no "acquittal" on crime X. Because the person was arrested [for crime X] and "charges were filed" [for crime Y], under the State's view, the arrest for crime X could never be expunged.
. In this case, the accusation at arrest was a felony, but the offense ultimately charged (Making Obscene, Threatening, or Harassing Telephone Calls) was a misdemeanor.
. In a related argument, Appellant claims that his arrest record should be expunged because there is no such offense in Oklahoma as "Soliciting a Minor for Sex." We disagree. See 21 O.S.Supp.1992, § 1123(A)(1), which punishes lewd proposals for sexual relations made to any child "under sixteen (16) years of age." Appellant's argument does, however, underscore the
. In addition to the presumption of prejudice, we note that Appellant presented evidence on 'this point at the expungement hearing.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Michael J. HOWREY, Appellant, v. the STATE of Oklahoma, Appellee
- Cited By
- 8 cases
- Status
- Published