Pearce v. Plumer
Pearce v. Plumer
Opinion of the Court
The plaintiff in error, Ruth J. Pearce, appeals from the action of the trial court in overruling her objection to the confirmation of a sheriff’s sale of her property in satisfaction of a levy of execution. The substance of the objection is that the property levied upon was in custodia legis and therefore not sub j ect to levy. The facts are not in dispute. On the hearing for confirmation, the trial court found: “That
As a general proposition, property in the hands of the court by its officers is not subject to be taken on levy of execution, attachment, garnishment, or in any other manner, without permission of the court. But some difficulty may be experienced in determining when property is within the custody of the law so as to be shielded by this rule.
The object of appointing a receiver is to preserve the property for the benefit of all parties interested, and, as he is an indifferent person appointed to receiver and preserve the property, such property in the hands of the receiver is not subject to seizure under writs of execution without leave of the court until ⅞ final decree is entered in the cause. This is so because the whole purpose of the suit might be defeated if an officer could wrest the property from the agent of the court. In addition, the rule avoids unseemly contests between different courts of coordinate jurisdiction. As was stated in Wiswall v. Sampson, 14 How. 52, 12 L.Ed. 322, a leading case on the subject, “while the estate is in the custody of the court, as a fund to abide the result of a suit pending, no sale of the property can take place on execution or otherwise without leave of the court for that purpose.” The rule is one for the protection of the decision to be made in the court first acquiring jurisdiction of the property. And ordinarily, any rights or equities should be asserted in that court. However, when the integrity of that decision is assured, the reason for the rule no longer exists. It has been pointed out that “There is, therefore, no real basis for the argument that the decision in Wiswall v. Sampson determined the law to be that all sales made, even upon abundant paramount legal right, of property at the time being under the temporary control'of a general receiver, are void or even voidable, if made without leave of court.” McKnight v. Brozich, 164 Minn. 90, 204 N.W. 917, 919, 43 A.L.R. 1352.
In the instant case, the property was given to the custody of the receiver to hold •pending the determination of the rightful owner. There were no creditors to be paid, and the person determined to be the owner was entitled to the property from the receiver. Upon the final decision by this court affirming the judgment of the trial court and that mandate being spread of record in the lower court, the case was concluded insofar as the right of the plaintiff in error to the property was involved. The only thing remaining to be done was the adjustment of the account of the receiver. Defendant in error had no concern with
“It is true that when a court of equity has taken property into its possession by the appointment of a receiver for the purpose of preserving the property for those who have a right to proceed against it for debts, the property will be regarded as in custo-dia legis, and not subject to seizure and sale in another action. To permit property that is so held to be levied upon and sold under execution would defeat a well-recognized power and jurisdiction of a court of equity in such cases. However, in the case at bar there was no conflict of judicial authority. The levy and sale did not interfere with the judicial powers attempted to be exercised in the case of Smith v. Whitmore, and in no wise tended to defeat the purpose of the appointment of McCollom.”
Those persuasive circumstances also exist in this case.
Here, the title to real estate was questioned; a receiver was appointed pending a final determination; the title was determined to be in plaintiff in error by a final decree; plaintiff in error took possession of the property; over four months later, although the receiver had not been formally discharged, the levy of execution was made. The due and orderly administration of the law is not to be interfered with by such process. But the reason of the law is its life. When the rule ceases to have reason it is unpersuasive and no longer applies. Where the receiver has not been formally discharged but where the purpose for which he was appointed has ceased and the real property involved is no longer in his actual possession but has been taken from him by the judgment debt- or, and where the only duty of the receiver is to render his account and be discharged, the real property belonging to the judgment debtor is no longer in custodia legis so as to be exempt from levy of execution. Allen v. Larson, 64 N.D. 727, 256 N.W. 178, 94 A.L.R. 1046.
The judgment is affirmed.
The Court acknowledges the aid of the Supreme Court Commissioners in the preparation of this opinion. After a tentative opinion was written by Commissioner NEASE and approved by Commissioners CRAWFORD and REED, the cause was assigned to a Justice of this Court for examination and report to the Court. Thereafter, upon report and consideration in conference, the foregoing opinion was adopted by the Court.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Ruth J. PEARCE, in Error v. L. E. PLUMER, Administrator of the Estate of H. A. Johnson, in Error
- Status
- Published