In Davis v. Davis1 we held 10 O.S. 1981 § 11302 to be a public-law/state-action statute whose grounds are invocable only by the state. The question here is whether the subsequent amendment of that statute, 10 O.S.Supp.1986 § 1130(D), which allows a private termination suit to be brought upon § 1130 grounds, may be applied retroactively to validate the father’s claim to severance of maternal ties in this case. We answer in the negative and reverse the trial court’s order that declared the parties’ child to stand in a “deprived” status and terminated the mother’s bond.

*1296Custody of the minor daughter in contest was reposed in the mother when the parties were divorced in 1971. Because she could not financially care for the child, she relinquished custody a year later and had it formally transferred to the father. In 1982 the father, an Oklahoma resident, sought to secure termination of the maternal bond on grounds then provided in 10 O.S.1981 § 1130(A)(2) and (4)3 — abandonment and failure to contribute to the daughter’s support. During the critical 11-year period when the daughter lived with her father she visited her mother, a Michigan resident, only twice. The mother, whose contacts with her child were infrequent, made no support contributions.

The trial court decreed that (a) the mother had no obligation to support the child and, (b) because she had failed to cultivate an adequate parent-child relationship during the time her daughter lived with the father, the maternal bond was effectively destroyed, (c) the child stood in a deprived status and (d) the mother’s bond was terminable on the ground of her “abandonment.” The Court of Appeals affirmed and the mother now seeks review by certiorari.

I

THE 1986 AMENDMENT IN 10 O.S. SUPP.1986 § 1130(D) (OKL.SESS.L. 1986, CH. 243 § 1) MAY NOT BE APPLIED RETROACTIVELY TO VALIDATE TERMINATION DECREES IN PRIVATE INTERPAREN-TAL CONTESTS WHICH HAD BEEN BROUGHT ON § 1130 GROUNDS AND WERE AWAITING APPELLATE REVIEW ON THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE AMENDMENT.

The dispositive issue here — one of public law — was neither raised nor briefed by the parties. When public-law issues are present this court may, on review, resolve them by application of legal theories that were not tendered below.4

Before us is an interparental contest brought under an enactment, held in Davis5 to be a “state-action” statute, which does not afford a basis for a private interparental contest. Although a post-Davis amendment of § 11306 conferred on private litigants the right to base termination claims on that section, that amendment was held in Griffith v. Griffith7 to *1297be only prospective. It may not be applied to benefit the father in this case. In Griffith, a termination case that was pending on appeal at the time of our pronouncement in Davis, Davis was given retroactive effect.8 Griffith controls our disposition of this case.

Since the father’s quest for termination of the mother’s legal status vis-a-vis her child was waged within the framework of a private interparental contest, none of the grounds provided in the then-effective § 1130 was invocable as a basis for maternal bond’s severance. In short, the father had no standing to seek termination, and the trial court erred when it permitted him to assert a claim for extinguishment of the mother’s rights on either of the two grounds prescribed in the then-effective version of § 1130(A)(2) and (4).

II

THE PARAMETERS OF “ABANDONMENT” AS A § 1130(A)(2) GROUND FOR SEVERANCE OF A NONCUSTODIAL PARENT’S BOND

There is another reason why the trial court’s termination decree cannot stand. It rests on the mother’s “abandonment” of her child — a ground prescribed in § 1130(A)(2). The cited enactment’s version in effect when the cause was under consideration below provided:

“A. * * * [A] court may terminate the rights of a parent to a child in the following situations:

******

2. A finding that a parent who is entitled to custody of the child has abandoned it; or” [Emphasis added.]

We are persuaded by the plain language of § 1130(A)(2) and hence hold that a parent like this mother, who has not failed to discharge any court-imposed obligation or some well-defined legal duty and who bore no custodial responsibility, does not come within the purview of “abandonment” as a statutory ground for parental bond’s severance. To the extent that Matter of James H.9 is inconsistent with today’s holding, its teaching is disapproved and withdrawn.

Certiorari granted; the Court of Appeals’ opinion is vacated and the trial court’s termination decree is reversed.

dissenting in part and concurring in part:

I dissent to section I of the opinion for the reasons expressed in my dissents in Davis v. Davis, 708 P.2d 1102, 1117-23 (Okla. 1985) and Griffith v. Griffith, 730 P.2d 524 (Okla. 1986) (57 OBJ 3077, December 20, 1986). I concur in section II.