Taylor v. Rubey
Taylor v. Rubey
Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal from a circuit court order overruling objections to the final accounting of the co-executor, E. E. Rubey. The widow and son, who were the only heirs under the will of T. M. Nielsen, deceased, are the objectors. The objecting widow, who is now Mrs. Taylor, was the other co-executor of the estate.
T. M. Nielsen died March 22, 1955, and his will was admitted to probate on March 24, 1955. He had owned and operated extensive rock crushing, road building, and logging enterprises. The property had a net value of about $440,000 plus. Much of the business continued in operation, by virtue of court order, after probate commenced. The deceased was an equal owner with G. P. Pitchford in two corporations, Tri-County Rock Company and Crescent Rock Company. Evidence, -consisting of statements by E. E. Rubey and books in his possession, indicates that the deceased arid Pitchford were also equal partners under oral agreements in Oceanwav Transport and T & P Enterprises,
On August 20, 1956, the co-executors petitioned to have Edward V. O’Reilly appointed as appraiser in the place of Burt Thompson. Judge Reid signed the order. As noted above, on August 30, 1956, a purported inventory and appraisal was filed. It was signed by Edward V. O’Reilly, G. P. Pitchford, and Loy Rowling as appraisers. It recites that the “annexed inventory” contains a true inventory of the property and their appraisal. But nothing was annexed to the form. On December 28, 1956, another similar form, similarly executed, was filed and this one does annex an inventory and appraisal of a total value of $440,030.17.
. Difficulties arose concerning the payment of estate and income taxes at about the time that the first final accounting was filed on August 27,1957. In July 1959, after a hearing, Judge Reid signed an order transfer
There was no hearing on the final accounting and the estate dragged on for years without any filing of the periodic accountings required by the probate code, or any other filing. A supplemental final accounting was filed on November 13, 1964. On December 16, 1964, Mrs. Taylor filed objections to the final accounting, Frank B. Reid appearing as her attorney. He also appeared as attorney for T. M. Nielsen, Jr., filing objections “on behalf of” the latter. Sometime between 1959 and 1964 Mr. Reid had ceased to be a circuit judge and began acting as an attorney for the objecting heirs. Mr. O’Reilly became attorney for the estate, although he had been one of the appraisers. He had been a partner in the firm which had represented the co-executors from the start, but that partnership had dissolved in the long interval. The objections were heard in 1968, about four years after they were filed.
The objections to the final accounting were centered upon the disposition of the two corporations and two partnerships mentioned above. All of them, except Oceanway Transport, appear to have been listed in the amended inventory and appraisal “as of March 22, 1955,” which was filed December 28, 1956. The proceeds from a sale of Oeeanwav Transport appear to have been otherwise accounted for in the inventory and appraisal. No orders appear in the record authorising the disposition of any of these entities. However, Mr. Rubey’s testimony and exhibits he produced from
The basis for the objections of Mrs. Taylor and T. M. Nielsen, Jr.-, is that Mr. Pitchford, an appraiser for the-estate who necessarily was acting in a-fidu
Nevertheless, the manner of settlement of Mr. Pitchford’s and deceased’s interests in the partnerships and corporations was highly irregular, if not illegal. As noted, some $268,000 in property was sold under court order before any formal inventory and appraisal was filed. But no written petition was filed or order entered providing for or confirming disposal of the partnerships and corporations.
“No particular pleadings or forms * * * are required * * * in * * * probate * * * and the mode of procedure * * * is in the nature of a suit in equity * * *. The proceedings must be in writing and upon the petition of a party * * * or the order of the court * * ORS 115.010.
No appraisal of the four entities was made before disposal, and it appears that none was ever made for one of the partnerships. ORS 116.450 requires that “Within 30 days after the death of a partner, the surviving partner shall file a verified inventory of the assets * * This section then requires an ap
OES 116.820 provides that an executor or administrator shall not purchase property from the estate. A similar Oregon statute does not exist with reference to an appraiser. But case law holds that a fiduciary relationship is created, and the appraiser may not acquire estate property. Armstrong v. Huston’s Heirs, 8 Ohio 552 (1838); Brown v. Nelms, 86 Ark 368, 112 SW 373 (1908). In the latter case the court said:
“Nothing is found in the [Arkansas] statute forbidding appraisers from becoming purchasers at the sale * * *. In making the appraisement he performs an important and substantial service for the protection of the estate, and we deem it to be the soundest policy to hold that when he accepts the office he disqualifies himself from becoming a purchaser. That rule works no hardship to the appraiser, and it shuts the door to opportunity for concealed fraud.
“The rule which forbids one who has a duty to perform with reference to such a sale rests upon sound public policy, and not upon the actual perpetration of fraud. One of the forbidden class who purchases will not be heard to say that he intended no wrong and perpetrated no actual fraud.” 86 Ark at 391-92.
The respondent urges upon us the holding in Barth v. Fidelity & Columbia Trust Co., 188 Ky 788, 224 SW 351 (1920), where it was held for reasons of stare decisis that an appraiser could purchase estate property. It should be noted that the court there said: “* * * [A]n appraiser may become a purchaser of property he has appraised * * *.” (Emphasis supplied.) Mr. Pitchford acquired the partnership property May 31,1955, and the appraisal was not filed
We deem it unnecessary to discuss whether there are circumstances under which a partner may acquire partnership assets from the deceased’s estate. (See OES 116.450 et seq.; Kimball v. Baxter, 67 Cal App 635, 228 P 381 (1924); Wilson v. Meyer [In re Auerbach’s Estate], 23 Utah 529, 65 P 488 (1901); State Bank v. Bagley Bros., 44 Wyo 244, 11 P2d 572 (1932).) Because he was an appraiser, Pitchford’s acquisition of the partnership property before the inventory and appraisal was filed was improper.
In view of the questionable actions of various persons interested in this estate, were it not for acquiescence by and laches of the objectors, we would rule that the objections should be sustained. The questionable actions include the following:
(1) That a judge who signed orders disposing of property and appointing appraisers, which orders could be called in question, should become an attorney for the objectors after he ceased to be judge;
(2) That an appraiser for the estate should be the attorney first for the co-executors and thereafter for one co-executor of the estate in a proceeding attacking acts of the other.
(3) That partnership assets should have'been disposed of without an authorizing or confirming order of the court;
(4) That the appraiser/partner, Pitchford, who*285 was in violation of OES 116.450 et seq., acquired partnership property before an appraisal was filed; .
(5) That the estate was allowed to remain open for about fourteen years with only three accountings filed, in violation of OES 117.010.
However, as indicated, we think the trial court was correct in overruling the objections because Mrs. Taylor and T. M. Nielsen, Jr., acquiesced in on the one hand, and allowed to stagnate on the other hand, the basis of the objections they make. A probate proceeding is “substantially a suit in equity,” and a probate court may ignore stale claims. In re Webster’s Estate, 74 Or 489, 145 P 1063 (1915).
While the settlement of the Pitchford-Nielsen assets and liabilities was progressing in 1955, Mr. Eubey testified that their values were explained to Mrs. Taylor prior to any transactions being completed, and she signed the check which was paid out of the estate to Mr. Pitchford. He stated that she never voiced any objections to the way the affairs were settled. On cross-examination, Mr. Rubey testified:
“* * * We had pointed out to Mrs. Nielsen [Taylor] and to Ted Junior that it — there were difficulties in the operation of Tri-County Rock which was the primarily active business at that time * * *. Mrs. Nielsen [Taylor] was not happy with the trend of the thing. I was not happy with it, and Ted Junior agreed that the thing was not operating as it should, and there was no dissent as I recall when it was worked out with Mr. Pitch-ford that we would effect a transfer of those equities to him as of May 31.”
In her testimony Mrs. Taylor said that she had always co-signed all estate checks. She said that she
T. M. Nielsen, Jr., who was about 24 years of age at the time the questioned transactions were completed, did not himself sign or file any objections, although Mr. Reid signed “on his behalf.” He made no appearance at the hearing. The objections were filed on December 16,1964, more than nine years after the transactions in question. Pour more years elapsed before there was a hearing, although one could have been set at any time.
The accountings indicate that Mrs. Taylor received in the neighborhood of $179,000 from the estate over a period of about fourteen years. As already noted, T. M. Nielsen, Jr., has also received benefits from the estate. In Hiller v. Ladd, 85 P 703 (9th Cir 1898), cert den 173 US 703,19 S Ct 885, 43 L Ed 1184 (1899), it was held that even if á surviving wife did not during the time covered by the probate proceedings know the nature of her husband’s estate, and that she was not aware of the contents of a release she signed, and never learned the. facts until shortly before the commencement 14 years later of the suit which presented her objections:
“ * * * [H]er laches would, nevertheless, bar her from recovery in this suit; for it is not disputed that she was one of the executors of the will, that she knew the provisions of the will, and knew that she signed a paper consenting to a distribution.” 85 P at 721.
Other cases where objections under similar circumstances were denied on;The. basis of laches are Gutt
“* * * In order to call into activity a court of equity there must be an exercise of good conscience, good faith, and a reasonable diligence; and where time and long acquiescence have obscured the nature and character of the trust, or the acts of the parties, or other circumstances, give rise to presumptions unfavorable to its continuance, the court is passive and does nothing, because of its inability to do complete justice * *
See also Wills v. Nehalem Coal Co., 52 Or 70, 96 P 528 (1908).
We think that the objectors had full access to and knowledge of the facts. This combined with their acquiescence, acceptance of benefits, and unreasonable delay in making objections, invokes the doctrine of laches against otherwise valid objections to the final and supplemental final accountings.
With this conclusion we affirm the holding of the trial court in spite of the irregularities we have noted in the proceedings.
Affirmed.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.