State v. Allen
State v. Allen
Opinion of the Court
Defendants appeal from conviction of criminal activity in drugs. ORS 167.207. They claim error in the denial of . a motion to suppress evidence produced by a .warrantless search and seizure at the time of their ¿rrest on July 8,-1972.
.• The essential, facts in evidence are: An investigation had been carried on by police for several weeks concerning four men who, a reliable informant had said,-had been dealing in heroin at Washington Park. They were reported to have moved from one motel to another. At the Jamaica Motel where the arrests were made two- each Of them occupied Rooms 43 and 45 which were approximately 55 feet apart. During the day of July 7 another informant, reported making a purchase of heroin from these two defendants at Room
Substantial noise was involved in these proceedings and at that time the. telephone .in the room sounded: The officers: did not answer the cáll but concluded it must be the occupants of Room 45; defendants in these appeals, calling to see what the commotion'was about. ThuSj they felt- impelled by the exigencies of that’ circumstance to make an immediate search and a possible arrest in Room 45. They gained admittance there by use of a manager’s key. The defendants were asleep on their beds and marihuana wás in sight. They seized the'marihuana, pláced’the' defendants ■ under arrest after frisking them and secured them óutsidé the room. Then they proceeded'to search the róom añd in a concealed place they- found thé herdin' which is the subject of controversy in these appeals: ' - ' .....?
1. The 'first point' defendants make is that the police had info'rmátion. from a reliable informant
We have examined the principal precedents relied upon by the defendants: Trupiano v. United States, 334 US 699, 68 S Ct 1229, 92 L Ed 1663 (1948); United States v. Resnick, 455 F2d 1127 (5th Cir 1972); and Niro v. United States, 388 F2d 535 (1st Cir 1968), and we are not persuaded that they indicate a contrary rule largely because they do not deal directly with the-situation at bar. In each of those cases the
A more serious question is presented in the cases at bar with reference to whether, once the police officers were in Eoom 45 and they had found marihuana in plain sight and had arrested and secured the defendants, they had authority to proceed with a more thorough search of the room. Law enforcement officers must secure and use search warrants whenever reasonably practicable. State v. Brothers, 4 Or App 253, 478 P2d 442 (1970); State v. Keith, 2 Or App 133, 465 P2d 724, Sup Ct review denied (1970). In Keith we said:
tit-* * * warrantless search is unreasonable unless it is impracticable for the police officer to obtain a search warrant * * V ” 2 Or App at 140-41.
In Chimel v. California, 395 US 752, 89 S Ct 2034, 23 L Ed 2d 685, rehearing denied 396 US 869 (1969), the United States Supreme Court limited the scope of a search incident to an arrest to that which is necessary to protect the police and prevent destruction of evidence.
While we recognize that, as the trial court concluded, the entire matter was one transaction, the transaction could have been broken into component parts as the Supreme Court said must be done in circumstances such as this in the GMmel decision. We hold that the marihuana was properly seized and that the motion to suppress was correctly overruled in that respect but that it should have been sustained with reference to other things which were found in concealed places in the further search of Room 45 after defendants had been secured.
Reversed and remanded.
In the dissenting opinion in Chimel v. California, supra, in Which the current United States Supreme Court majority’s in-
“* * * ijtjjg court ^33' always held, and ' does not today, deny,: that when there is probable, cause to search and it -is ‘impracticable’ for one reason or another to get a-search warrant, then a warrantless search may be reasonable. E. g. even Trupiano v. United States, 334 U. S. 699 (1948). This is the case whether an arrest was made at the time of ¡the search or not. . ., .
“This is not to say that a search can be reasonable without regard to the probable cause to believe that séizáble items are on the premises. But when, there... are exigent circumstances,- and probable’causé, then 'the"search may be made without a warrant, reasonably. An arrest itself may often create ■ aii emergency situation making it impracticable to. obtain a warrant before embarking on a related search. Again assuming •that there is'probable cause to search premises "at the spot where a;suspect is arrested,\it seems,.to;m& unreasonable to require the police to leave the scene in order to obtain a search warrant when they are already legally there to" make a valid arrest,, and when there must almost always, be a strong-possibility that confederates of the Arrested man'will'in the meanwhile remove the items-for. which the police have .probrable cause to. search. This must so often be the case that it "seems to me as unreasonable to require a warrant "for a search of the premises, as to require a warrant for search' Of .the person and .his very, immediate surroundings. ... ... .
“This case provides á good illustration of my point that it is unreasonable to ré'quire police'to- leave'the scene 'of-an! ,.‘arrest in order to- obtain.a-search-warrant when they already have probable'cause to .search and.there,is a clear danger that the items'for which they may reasonably, search will-be re-1 moved before they return with a warrant * * 395.US at 773-74.- - ;. . .. ■- - :
This dissent,- .joined .in by Mr: Justice Black, obviously does not express the law as it has. mps,t ¡recently been interpreted.
Concurring Opinion
specially concurring.
The majority points out that earlier in the day of July 7, an informant purchased heroin from the defendants in Room 45. It is conceded that this informant was reliable. It is clear that at that point the police had ample probable cause to obtain a search warrant for Room 45 and an arrest warrant for the defendants. No effort was made to obtain either a search or an arrest warrant. Instead, the police at 1:00 a.m. on July 8, with the manager’s key, let themselves into Room 45, arrested the defendants while they were asleep in bed, and after securing them made the search which disclosed the heroin here sought to be suppressed. Rooms 45 and 43 were not adjoining rooms.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- STATE OF OREGON, Respondent, v. DENNIS ALLEN (C-72-07-2134), Appellant; STATE OF OREGON, Respondent, v. ALONZO REED (C-72-07-2135), Appellant
- Cited By
- 14 cases
- Status
- Published