Third-party plaintiffs (Young) appeal from the portion of a judgment awarding third-party defendant Hessel defense expenses incurred in Young v. Hessel Tractor & Equipment Co. 99 Or App 262, 782 P2d 164 (1989). Hessel also sought attorney fees incurred in this action after both parties had stipulated to dismissal of Young’s third-party complaint. The trial court awarded Hessel $46,109.45 for defense expenses incurred in the other case as well as $6,698.25 in attorney fees incurred in this action. The award of fees incurred in this action is not challenged.

Hessel and Young, as the seller and the buyer of equipment, signed a security agreement that required the buyer to pay reasonable attorney fees incurred by the seller in enforcing its rights if the buyer defaulted. Hessel assigned all of its rights under the agreement to C.I.T., the plaintiff in this case, before any alleged default by Young. 1

Young argues that there was no legal basis to support the award applicable to the prior case. We agree and modify the judgment. Attorney fees are not recoverable except as permitted by statute or contract. Fees incurred in previous litigation are only recoverable under a specific legal theory, such as breach of a contract that provides for attorney fees or when a tortious act makes litigation necessary, either of which requires a party to act to protect his interests by bringing or defending an action against a third party. U.S. Fire Ins. Co. v. Chrysler Motors, 264 Or 362, 372, 505 P2d 1137 (1973). Legal expenses may also be recovered from an indemnitor for wrongful refusal to defend an indemnitee. Smith Radio v. Challenger Equip., 270 Or 322, 527 P2d 711 (1974).

Hessel concedes that it was not entitled to recover fees in the other case but argues that, because issues were decided there that enabled it to win in this case, it should be able to recover expenses incurred in the first litigation. 2 Hessel mistakenly relies on a case in which we allowed the *273 plaintiffs to recover legal expenses for a prior proceeding related to their breach of contract claim. In Williams v. Leatham, 55 Or App 204, 210, 637 P2d 1296 (1981), we found the attorney fees provision of the contract to be broad enough to include the related proceeding.

Hessel points to the attorney fees provision of its security agreement with Young both as the basis for recovery of attorney fees in this case and of defense expenses in the earlier litigation. Because all of Hessel’s rights under the security agreement were assigned to C.I.T., Hessel has no present right to bring an action under that agreement to collect attorney fees for the buyer’s breach. Hessel points to no other contract or statute allowing it to recover any legal fees in this or the other litigation. Neither does it contend that Young was guilty of tortious conduct in bringing the earlier action. Hessel has shown no legal basis for recovery of the prior litigation expense.

Judgment reduced to $6,698.25; affirmed as modified.