Long v. Board of Parole & Post-Prison Supervision
Long v. Board of Parole & Post-Prison Supervision
Opinion of the Court
Petitioner seeks review of an order of the Board of Parole and Post-Prison Supervision (board) designating him as a predatory sex offender and establishing the conditions of his parole. We uphold the condition of parole that he challenges but reverse the board’s predatory sex offender designation and remand for further proceedings.
Before turning to petitioner’s arguments, we describe briefly the applicable statutory and regulatory framework. Pursuant to ORS 181.585, the board determines whether persons convicted of certain sex offenses should be designated as predatoiy sex offenders. In making that determination, the board uses a risk assessment scale approved by the Department of Corrections. See ORS 181.585(2); V. L. Y. v. Board of Parole, 188 Or App 617, 72 P3d 993 (2003). The risk assessment scale lists a series of factors that bear on whether a convicted sex offender is likely to reoffend. Not all factors are weighted equally, however. Some factors are designated as automatic override factors and still other factors are designated as starred factors. When the board made its determination in this case, a person would be designated as a predatory sex offender if either one automatic override factor or two starred factors applied. If no automatic override factor or fewer than two starred factors applied, then the board would consider all the positive and negative factors and, giving each factor a preassigned weight, determine whether the person should be designated as a predatoiy sex offender.
With that background in mind, we turn to the facts of this case. In 1992, petitioner was convicted of five counts of first-degree sex abuse and three counts of using a child in a display of sexually explicit conduct. Based on those convictions, the trial court sentenced petitioner to up to IIV2 years in prison. Before petitioner’s parole release date, the board made a preliminary determination that he should be designated as a predatory sex offender. More specifically, the board made a preliminary determination that three starred factors applied. It found that petitioner had a “(h]istory of sex crimes,” that his “current sex offense conviction[s]” involved
The board notified petitioner of its preliminary determination, sent him a copy of his scored risk assessment scale,
Petitioner filed a written response to the board’s preliminary determination. Invoking due process and the Supreme Court’s decision in Noble v. Board of Parole, 327 Or 485, 964 P2d 990 (1998), petitioner asked the board to notify him of the factual basis for its conclusion that the three starred factors applied. He also asked for an evidentiary hearing at which he could testify and cross-examine witnesses, and he argued that due process required the board to apply a clear and convincing evidence standard to any factual determination it made. Finally, petitioner raised a variety of other constitutional objections to designating him as a predatory sex offender.
After considering petitioner’s written objections, the board issued its final order addressing those objections and designating him as a predatory sex offender. In its final order, the board explained, for the first time, that it based its
On review, petitioner repeats the various statutory and constitutional issues that he raised below. Most of the issues that petitioner raises on review are answered by our decision in V. L. Y., and we affirm those issues without further discussion. We write, however, to address two issues that were not presented in V. L. Y. We begin with petitioner’s claim that the board failed to provide him with constitutionally adequate notice.
“The purpose of notice under the Due Process Clause is to apprise the affected individual of, and permit adequate preparation for, an impending ‘hearing.’ ” Memphis Light, Gas & Water v. Craft, 436 US 1, 14, 98 S Ct 1554, 56 L Ed 2d 30 (1978); see Mullane v. Central Hanover Trust Co., 339 US 306, 70 S Ct 652, 94 L Ed 865 (1950). The board’s notice did not meet that standard. The board notified petitioner that it had made a preliminary decision to designate him as a predatory sex offender because, among other things, he had a “history of sex crimes.” The board, however, did not tell petitioner (until after it had made its final decision) what sex crimes he allegedly had committed, when those crimes allegedly occurred, or with whom. Without that information or some process that would permit him to discover that information, petitioner was in no position to respond—in writing or otherwise—to the board’s determination that he had a history of sex crimes. See Memphis Light, Gas & Water, 436 US at 14; Carr v. SAIF Corp., 65 Or App 110, 123-24, 670 P2d
Because the board failed to provide petitioner with constitutionally adequate notice, its order must be reversed. Cf. Noble, 327 Or at 498 (requiring adequate notice).
Petitioner raises a second issue that requires resolution. He argues that the board could not, as a condition of his parole, prohibit him from “possess [ing] videos, books or other
ORS 144.270(3)(a) authorizes the board to “establish such special conditions [of parole] as it shall determine are necessary because of the individual circumstances of the parolee.”
Having determined that the condition is authorized, we turn to petitioner’s argument that it violates due process. Petitioner argued before the board that the condition was unconstitutionally vague because it fails to give fair notice of the materials it prohibits.
We agree with the board’s reasoning. As the board noted, the condition applies only to possessing materials that have children as the primary subjects or actors. More importantly, if petitioner is unsure whether any materials that he possesses come within this restriction, he can always ask his supervising officer whether they do.* **
Order determining petitioner to be a predatory sex offender reversed and remanded for a new hearing; otherwise affirmed.
After the board issued the orders in this case, it refined the procedures that it uses in deciding whether a person should be designated as a predatory sex offender. See OAR 255-060-0011 (codifying the board’s current procedures).
The board told petitioner that it based its designation on the “use of weapons or threats,” but it did not tell him when he allegedly had used any weapons or threats, whom petitioner allegedly had threatened, or what he supposedly had said.
This case does not require us to decide whether the general notice that the board provided would have been constitutionally adequate if the board had also provided petitioner with a reasonable opportunity, before it required him to file his written objections, to discover the factual basis for its preliminary determination. We express no opinion on that issue.
Although petitioner and the board assume that the applicable statute is ORS 144.270(3)(a), ORS 144.270(3)(b)(G) appears to be more on point. It provides that, if a person is convicted of sexual abuse in the first degree, the board “shall include * * * as [a] special conditio [n] of the person’s parole * * * a prohibition against viewing, listening to, owning or possessing any sexually stimulating visual or auditory materials that are relevant to the person’s deviant behavior.”
Petitioner did not argue below that the condition was vague in violation of Article I, sections 20 and 21, because it gave unbridled discretion to the supervising
Petitioner argues that he may violate this condition whenever he turns on his television set or picks up a magazine. The condition, however, prohibits petitioner from possessing certain media, not from viewing them on television. Moreover, the board has recognized that petitioner can possess the materials long enough to ask his supervising officer to determine whether they are permissible.
Concurring Opinion
concurring.
I agree with the majority s opinion that we are bound by this court’s decision in V. L. Y. v. Board of Parole, 188 Or App 617, 72 P3d 993 (2003). I therefore join with the majority opinion. However, I write separately to note that the effect of this court’s majority opinion in V. L. Y. is to reject petitioner’s arguments that he is entitled to a predetermination hearing in the event that the board determines that the facts that it
ORS 181.585(1) provides, in part, that
“a person is a predatory sex offender if the person exhibits characteristics showing a tendency to victimize or injure others and has been convicted of a sex crime listed in ORS 181.594(2)(a) to (d), has been convicted of attempting to commit one of those crimes or has been found guilty except for insanity of one of those crimes.”
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.