Storey v. Madsen
Storey v. Madsen
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
In Beranek v. Mulcare, 269 Or 324, 327, 524 P2d 1214 (1974), I finally became convinced that adhering to the rule that special damages could not be awarded unless general damages were also awarded was poor policy. Mr. Chief Justice O’Connell stated the reasons for that belief in his dissent in Flansberg v. Paulson, 239 Or 610, 618, 399 P2d 356 (1965).
Our constant, continual occupation with this problem, in my opinion, fortifies this position. In July we decided Eisele v. Rood, 275 Or 461, 551 P2d 441 (1976), which had this same problem. This month we heard arguments in Kriner v. Weaver involving the same problem. Our desire for efficient judicial administration should dissuade us from spending inordinate
Opinion of the Court
This is an action to recover damages for physical injuries sustained by plaintiff when she slipped and fell in a parking lot maintained by defendants as a part of their grocery store. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff, awarding her $2500 general damages and $123.07 special damages. Plaintiff moved for a new trial on the grounds that certain requested instructions should have been given and that the jury improperly allocated the amounts for general and special damages. The motion for a new trial was denied and plaintiff appeals.
Plaintiff slipped on the icy surface of defendants’ parking lot. As a result of the fall she suffered a broken pelvis, a bruised hip, and an aggravation of an existing arthritic condition. Plaintiff was hospitalized for 43 days, with a substantial part of the time in traction. The evidence, if believed, would establish plaintiff suffered severe pain as a result of the fall.
Counsel for plaintiff and defendants entered into a stipulation that the hospital and medical costs in the amount of $2,461.33 were reasonable and would be taken as the amount of special damages if shown to have been incurred by plaintiff.
When the jury returned its first verdict, it awarded plaintiff $2,461.33 special damages and no general damages. The trial court, noting that the evidence revealed that plaintiff must have suffered pain as a result of the broken pelvis, applied the rule in Beranek v. Mulcare, 269 Or 324, 524 P2d 1214 (1974), and rejected the verdict.
The jury again retired and then returned a verdict awarding plaintiff $2500 general damages and $123.07 special damages.
"1. Irregularity and/or misconduct in the proceedings of the jury which prevented Plaintiff from having a fair trial, as follows:
"a. The jury stubbornly adhered to an invalid verdict when it merely transferred to general damages, a portion of the amount originally awarded as special damages in a verdict found unacceptable by the Court which had awarded the full amount of special damages prayed for in plaintiff’s complaint, but no general damages.”
Defendants contend that plaintiff waived her right to attack the verdict by not making objection before the jury was discharged. Defendants rely upon our previous cases in which we have held that an objection must be taken before the jury is discharged, thus giving the trial judge an opportunity to reinstruct the jury if he finds the objection well taken.
The question is, then, whether the verdict is fatally
Reversed and remanded.
The following colloquy occurred:
"MR. ABRAHAM: Counsel, I am quite willing to stipulate they are reasonable and I would expect Mrs. Storey to testify that she incurred them, just that they were incurred. I don’t require any testimony from any doctor that it was reasonable, but I expect her to make the record, that was my understanding.
"MR. DICK: I just thought we would avoid those entirely.
"MR. ABRAHAM: I think she has to testify she incurred these. I don’t argue they weren’t reasonable, which is the preliminary thing, you would have a doctor or somebody else testify to that.
"THE COURT: I would assume, Mr. Abraham, after there has been some testimony that medical expenses were incurred that you would then stipulate the amounts are reasonable and disclaim liability. I will expect you to be prepared to make the stipulation so there is no quarreling over the wording of it.
"MR. ABRAHAM: We won’t have any problem over it. I want her to relate it so it would be in the record.”
Beranek v. Mulcare, supra, held that if there is evidence showing general damages, the jury must return a verdict awarding such damages in some amount.
There is nothing in the record to explain how the jury arrived at this result. We note, however, that $123.07 is 5% of $2,461.33, the amount of the special damages, and that $2,500, awarded as general damages, is 5% of $50,000, the amount prayed for in plaintiff’s complaint.
Smith v. J. C. Penney Co., 269 Or 643, 652-55, 525 P2d 1299 (1974) and cases cited therein.
As we have indicated above, the jury appears to have reached its conclusion by taking five percent of the amount of $50,000 damages requested in plaintiff’s complaint and five percent of the amount of special damages incurred. This could have been prompted by comparing plaintiff’s and defendants’ negligence and concluding that defendants were five percent more negligent than plaintiff. This would mean that the jury concluded that defendants were 52.5 percent negligent and plaintiff 47.5 percent negligent, because no other percentages would leave a difference of five percent. Carrying this inference on to its logical conclusion, the application of the 52.5 percent to the uncontroverted special damages claim should yield $1,394.20 in special damages. Likewise, application of the same percentages to the entire general damages claim would equal $26,250. If the jury actually arrived at the 52.5/47.5 percent figures, the verdict returned would be wrong because the comparative negligence doctrine does not contemplate a computation of damages by taking the difference between plaintiff’s and defendant’s negligence and using that difference as a multiplier. Consequently, it is patent from the record that the jury misapplied the comparative negligence principle. This is an error of sufficient consequence to warrant our taking cognizance of it on appeal without its having been called to the trial court’s attention. Cf., Weber v. Kamyr, Inc., 269 Or 617, 525 P2d 1307, 1315 (1974).
We have no direct evidence of the jury’s decision as to the comparative fault of the parties because, although the record contains a form entitled "Special Findings of Fact on Verdict” calling for findings on the percentage of negligence of each of the parties, it was not filled out. The jury exercised the option given it by the judge of using a general verdict form that merely indicated the amount of special and general damages assessed against defendants.
See, Chopp v. Miller, 264 Or 138, 504 P2d 106 (1972) and Rickard v. Ellis, 230 Or 46, 368 P2d 396 (1962).
See, McIntosh Livestock Co. v. Buffington, 108 Or 358, 217 P 635 (1923); Tou Velle v. Farm Bureau Co-op. Exchange, 112 Or 476, 229 P 83, 1103 (1924). Inadequate verdicts oftentimes reflect a jury compromise on the issue of liability. See generally, Pescatore v. Bryan, 206 Cal App2d 293, 24 Cal Rptr 15 (1962); Kitagawa v. Williams, 168 Cal App2d 123, 335 P2d 509 (1959); Harrell v. Bishop, 160 Fla 3, 33 So2d 152 (1948); Fortier v.
See, Flansberg v. Paulson, 239 Or 610, 399 P2d 356 (1965).
Concurring Opinion
specially concurring.
In my opinion the conduct of the jury in this case was similar to the conduct of the jury in Flansberg v. Paulson, 239 Or 610, 399 P2d 356 (1965). Since the majority opinion is based on the misconduct of the jury in this case in stubbornly refusing to follow the court’s instructions, I concur in the result.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- STOREY, Appellant, v. MADSEN Et Ux, Respondents
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published