716

On petition for a writ of mandamus filed January 13, considered and under advisement on January 31; petition for writ of mandamus denied without prejudice, motion for stay dismissed as moot without prejudice February 9, 2023

Joseph ARNOLD, Cliff Asmussen, Gun Owners of America, Inc., and Gun Owners Foundation, Plaintiffs-Adverse Parties, v. Tina KOTEK, Governor of the State of Oregon, in her official capacity; Ellen Rosenblum, Attorney General of the State of Oregon, in her official capacity; and Terri Davie, Superintendent of the Oregon State Police, in her official capacity, Defendants-Relators. (CC 22CV41008) (SC S069998) 524 P3d 955

Plaintiffs filed a declaratory judgment action challenging a voter-approved ballot measure that made several statutory changes pertaining to firearms, and they sought preliminary relief. The trial court granted the requested relief in two orders that restrained or enjoined the state from enforcing the measure, with the first order temporarily restraining the measure’s permit-to-purchase and back- ground check requirements, and the second order preliminarily enjoining the measure’s large-capacity magazine restrictions. The state petitioned the Oregon Supreme Court for mandamus relief as to both orders and also filed a motion to stay the trial court proceedings pending resolution of its mandamus petition. Held: (1) The court declines to exercise its mandamus discretion at this time; and (2) because the court is denying the petition for a writ of mandamus, it dismisses the motion to stay as moot. The petition for a writ of mandamus is denied without prejudice. The motion for stay is dismissed as moot without prejudice.

En Banc Original proceeding in mandamus.* ______________ * On petition for a peremptory or alternative writ of mandamus from two orders of the Harney County Circuit Court, Robert Raschio, Judge. Cite as 370 Or 716 (2023) 717

Robert A. Koch, Assistant Attorney General, Salem, filed the petition and memorandum of law for defendants-relators. Also on the petition and memorandum were Benjamin Gutman, Solicitor General, and Ellen F. Rosenblum, Attorney General. Tyler D. Smith, Tyler Smith & Associates PC, Canby, filed the memorandum in opposition for plaintiffs-adverse parties. Also on the memorandum was Tony L. Aiello, Jr., Canby. PER CURIAM The petition for a writ of mandamus is denied without prejudice. The motion for stay is dismissed as moot without prejudice. 718 Arnold v. Kotek

PER CURIAM In this proceeding, the state asks that we issue a writ of mandamus directing the trial court to vacate two preliminary orders entered in a declaratory judgment action. Collectively, those orders temporarily restrained and enjoined the state from enforcing—while the trial court action is ongoing—Ballot Measure 114 (2022), which voters approved at the November 2022 General Election. We deny the state’s petition for a writ. Measure 114 makes several statutory changes pertaining to firearms. Simply summarized, it requires a permit to purchase a firearm (“permit-to-purchase require- ment”); requires completion of a criminal background check before a firearm may be purchased, acquired, delivered, or transferred (“background-check requirement”); and imposes restrictions regarding “large-capacity” magazines (“large-capacity magazine restrictions”).1 After the election, plaintiffs filed the underlying declaratory judgment action against three state defendants (“the state”), asserting that Measure 114 is unconstitutional under Article I, section 27, of the Oregon Constitution.2 Plaintiffs also sought prelimi- nary relief, which the trial court granted in two orders. The first was a temporary restraining order that restrained the state from enforcing the permit-to-purchase requirement, together with the background-check requirement; by its terms, that order will remain in place until the state notifies the court that the permit-to-purchase requirement is ready to implement, at which point the court will hold a hearing (within 10 days) on plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary injunc- tive relief. The second was an order granting preliminary injunctive relief as to the large-capacity magazine restric- tions, enjoining the state from enforcing those restrictions until a full hearing is held on plaintiffs’ complaint.

1 Measure 114 defines a “[l]arge-capacity magazine” as an ammunition feed- ing device (fixed or detachable), with a capacity of more than 10 rounds of ammu- nition (with other requirements and conditions). The measure generally prohibits the manufacture, importation, possession, use, purchase, sale, or transfer of such large-capacity magazines. 2 Article I, section 27, provides that “[t]he people shall have the right to bear arms for the defen[s]e of themselves, and the State, but the Military shall be kept in strict subordination to the civil power.” Cite as 370 Or 716 (2023) 719

The state now asks that we issue a writ of man- damus directing the trial court to vacate those two tempo- rary and preliminary orders. After considering the current procedural posture of the underlying action, we decline to issue a writ. We emphasize that our decision has no bearing on the parties’ respective positions as to any aspect of the underlying proceeding, including the merits of plaintiffs’ complaint. See North Pacific v. Guarisco, 293 Or 341, 346 n 3, 647 P2d 920 (1982) (so explaining). Our decision today does not serve as a bar to any future challenge in this court or otherwise on appeal. Rather, at this juncture, and given our understanding that the trial court is proceeding as expeditiously as possible to resolve the issues that the parties have presented, we have determined that we should decline to exercise our manda- mus discretion at this time. See State ex rel Fidanque v. Paulus, 297 Or 711, 717, 688 P2d 1303 (1984) (mandamus is an “extraordinary remedial process which is awarded not as a matter of right, but in the exercise of a sound judicial discretion” (internal quotation marks omitted)).3 We recognize that the legal status of Measure 114 is of significant concern to many Oregonians. Of course, it is the role of the judicial branch of government to resolve dis- putes such as challenges to laws enacted by the legislative branch, which includes the people exercising their initiative power. State ex rel. Carson v. Kozer, 126 Or 641, 644, 270 P 513 (1928). That resolution is underway in the trial court; our only determination today is that now is not an appropriate time to exercise our authority in mandamus in connection with the trial court’s temporary and preliminary rulings.4 The petition for a writ of mandamus is denied with- out prejudice. The motion for stay is dismissed as moot with- out prejudice. 3 We deny the state’s petition for a writ of mandamus without prejudice as to the filing of any future petition for a writ filed in this court by any party, in rela- tion to either (1) preliminary injunctive relief as to the large-capacity magazine restrictions; or (2) any other future ruling in the underlying proceeding. 4 The state also filed a motion requesting that this court stay the trial court proceedings pending resolution of its mandamus petition. Because we deny the petition for mandamus, we dismiss the motion to stay as moot, but again without prejudice, in the manner described in the preceding footnote.