Commonwealth v. Oren
Commonwealth v. Oren
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
On March 8, 1966, Fred Y. Oren was indicted by the Grand Jury in Lancaster County on a charge of embezzlement by public officer as proscribed by Section 822 of The Penal Code, Act of June 24,1939, P. L. 872, Section 822,18 P.S. 4822. Oren entered a plea of not guilty and was accorded a jury trial with Honorable William G. Johnstone, Je., presiding. After the Commonwealth rested its case, a demurrer to the evidence was overruled. Oren then testified in his own defense, and adduced the testimony of several character witnesses. A motion for a directed verdict was denied. The jury returned a verdict of guilty with a recommendation of clemency. Motions in arrest of judgment and for a new trial were dismissed, and sentence was imposed. This appeal followed.
The record discloses that appellant was Chief Deputy in the office of the Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County. On October 17, 1963, a complaint in equity in the nature of a fraudulent debtors attachment was filed by Nancy A. Mel-linger against her husband, Albert H. Mellinger, naming three persons as garnishees. An attachment was issued against the defendant and the garnishees to se
Appellant admitted that he had received the $8,-500.00 from Attorney Ranch. He stated that he had placed the money oh his desk and later discovered, either that evening or the next morning, that $3,500.00 was missing. Appellant denied that he had taken this money. His explanation of the reason for not depositing the $5,000.00 in the prothonotary’s special account was as follows: “Because I wanted to deposit $8,500.00 not $5,000.00 ... I agree I should have but I didn’t”. The loss was not reported to anyone until appellant was questioned about the special account some time in August 1965. He then produced five one-thousand dollar bills from an envelope in a drawer in a walk-in vault in the prothonotary’s office. According to the prothonotary’s testimony, this drawer was marked “Oren, Private”. As pointed out by the court below, there were undoubtedly other people in the office after the money was received but there is no intimation in the record that anyone else had access to the money.
The statutory provision with which we are here concerned reads in pertinent part as follows: “Whoever, being an officer, employe or agent of this Commonwealth, or political subdivision thereof, charged
Appellant first contends that “the funds allegedly embezzled were not public money”. It is argued that the money in question would at no time inure to the benefit of the public since the prothonotary was merely a stakeholder and was answerable only to the litigants involved. In support of this argument appellant cites Commonwealth v. Glass, 199 Pa. Superior Ct. 542, 185 A. 2d 811, but that case is not here controlling. Glass was prosecuted under Section 834 of the Code (18 P.S. 4834) for fraudulent conversion of money in a bank account which he had opened in his name as Sheriff of Montgomery County. All fees and commissions which were the property of the county had been properly accounted for and paid. The Class case did not decide the meaning of the term “public money” as used in Section 822 of the Code here under consideration.
The court below placed reliance on Commonwealth v. Hampton, 96 Pa. Superior Ct. 63, in which this court considered Section 65 of The Penal Code of 1860, the source of Section 822 of the present Code. Hampton was charged with the embezzlement of fines payable to the Law Library of Chester County. In rejecting a contention that the money in question was not public money, Judge Linn made the following pertinent statement (italics supplied) : “Nor can we sustain the complaint that the money in question was not public
Appellant next contends that “the evidence was not sufficient to sustain a conviction”. The argument is made that the Commonwealth failed to prove that appellant converted the missing money to his own use. It should be noted that the offenses proscribed by Section 822 are set forth in the disjunctive. A violation is committed where the defendant converts to his own use, or uses by way of investment, or proves a defaulter, or fails to pay on demand. The instant record contains ample evidence to establish that appellant was a defaulter. Although there is no direct testimony that appellant converted the money to his own use, there were significant circumstances from which the jury could reasonably infer that he did. Among other things, appellant failed to report the money missing for a period of almost two years. Nondisclosure by one accused of embezzlement is evidence of intent: Commonwealth v. Burns, 198 Pa. Superior Ct. 208, 182 A. 2d 232. On appeal by a defendant following conviction, the Commonwealth must be given the benefit of all of the favorable trial testimony and every reasonable inference arising therefrom: Commonwealth v. Ghaul, 205 Pa. Superior Ct. 80, 207 A. 2d 917. A conviction may be sustained where the circumstances
Appellant contends finally that “the court erred in charging the jury as to facts which did not appear in the testimony”. For a proper understanding of the situation it should be stated that checks on the special account required the signature of the prothonotary and the president judge. The portion of the charge of which appellant complains is set forth in the footnote.
The judgment of sentence is affirmed and the appellant is directed to appear in the court below, at such time as he may be there called, to be by that court committed until he has complied with the sentence or any part thereof which had not been performed at the time the appeal was made a supersedeas.
“It has been argued to you that there were mistakes made by the Prothonotary and the President Judge when they signed this cheek. That could be, but the only mistake was that they depended upon Mr. Oren who was the one who obtained their signatures and Mr. Oren knew at the time he had that cheek signed that the money wasn’t there. He hadn’t deposited even the $5,000.00 in the bank account that he knew was the proper place for the money. He hadn’t deposited that money and he knew that $3,500.00 was missing when he had those men sign that check, and they depended upon him which had been done many times before. They depended upon him to do that which was right. They trusted him”.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.