Commonwealth v. Bell
Commonwealth v. Bell
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
Appellant, Maurice Bell, appeals from the order of extradition entered by Judge Jacob Kalish, of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia, on January 28, 1972. The court below granted a supersedeas and continued appellant on bail pending the disposition of this appeal.
Pursuant to Section 13
Section 10 of the Act directs that: “No person arrested upon such warrant
Conformity to Section 10 required that once the appellant communicated his desire to contest his arrest, the court was bound to grant him a reasonable opportunity to file for a writ of habeas corpus. A person arrested under the authority of an extradition warrant has the remedy of habeas corpus as a means of challenging the legality of his arrest as a matter of right, not at the discretion of the judge presiding over the pro
The Commonwealth’s assertions that appellant’s insistence upon an opportunity to seek habeas corpus relief was purely a dilatory tactic is without foundation. We stress again that it is appellant’s statutory right to bring habeas corpus proceedings, regardless of the merit of his challenge.
The Commonwealth contends further that had appellant had any serious intention of seeking habeas corpus relief, he could have done so in. the almost three months between his arrest and the hearing on the warrant. This argument is befuddling. It was not until the date of that hearing that the Commonwealth produced the documents which were necessary for appellant to make any intelligent determination of whether any successful challenge could be made to his arrest. Without those documents, he could not determine whether the documents themselves were in order, whether he could be identified as the person named in the Governor’s warrants, whether he could prove that he was elsewhere than the demanding state at the time of the alleged crime, or whether he could be shown to be a fugitive from justice. Moreover, the statute, by its language, assumes that the first reasonable opportunity to challenge the proceedings is when a judge of a court of record has advised the arrestee of the demand made on him and the nature of the charge against him in the demanding state.
In Commonwealth ex rel. Aronson v. Price, 412 Pa. 493, 194 A. 2d 881 (1963), our Supreme Court stated: “Although the courts of the surrendering state possess only a limited scope of review' over an extradition procedure, there is an obligation to make certain that the
The order of extradition is vacated, and the case is remanded to the court below to allow appellant to exercise his habeas corpus rights.
The text of this section reads as follows: “Whenever any person within this State shall be charged on the oath of any credible
Section 14 allows for the arrest of a person suspected of being a fugitive from justice without a magistrate’s warrant.
“Such warrant” in this section refers to the Governor’s warrant. See Commonwealth ex rel. Huey v. Dye, 373 Pa. 508, 96 A. 2d 129 (1953).
As we find the order of extradition was improper on the above grounds, we do not consider appellant’s other contentions that the Commonwealth’s evidence as to identification and as to appellant’s presence in the demanding state at the time of the alleged offense was insufficient.
We do not contemplate that there will have to be two full-scale hearings, one at the presentation of the Governor’s warrant to the court of record, and another on the arrestee’s habeas corpus petition. To require two appearances of the demanding state’s witnesses where the arestee wishes to assert his habeas corpus rights would substantially burden the extradition process while failing to materially effect the statutory rights of the arrestee. Although we expect that ordinarily the full hearing would come at the habeas corpus stage, so long as the arrestee has had adequate notice and a reasonable opportunity to assert his challenge, we see no merit in demanding rigid conformity to this norm. Since, in the instant ease, the witness from the demanding state appeared and testified to the satisfaction of the court, it is not required that he appear a second time.
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting Opinion by
Counsel for the defendant complains in this extradition case that he was entitled as a matter of right to a continuance in order to initiate habeas corpus proceedings.
The Supreme Court has noted in Commonwealth ex rel. Huey v. Dye, 373 Pa. 508, 512, 96 A. 2d 129, 131 (1953), that the proceedings on complaint and answer thereto serve the same purposes as the habeas corpus proceeding following arrest on the Governor’s warrant.
The crowded courts should not be required to go through two proceedings when one suffices. Furthermore, witnesses frequently must travel from distant states and should not be required to make repeated appearances. Defendant’s counsel had approximately three months to take appropriate steps if the complaint did not give sufficient information concerning the charges in the other state. He did not seek a continuance upon the grounds of surprise. Rather his complaint was that he had an absolute right to a continuance to initiate a habeas corpus proceeding. Neither the statute nor any reason of policy justifies such bifurcation of a judicial proceeding for extradition.
The order of extradition should be affirmed.
Appellant’s other contentions are equally devoid of merit. His identity as the person charged in the demanding state was established by the weight of the credible evidence. Commonwealth ex rel. Edgar v. Davis, 425 Pa. 133, 228 A. 2d 742 (1967). Furthermore,
Act of July 8, 1941, P. D. 288, §§1-31, 19 P.S. §§191.1-191.31.
Reference
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- Commonwealth v. Bell, Appellant
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