Liberty Bell Life Insurance v. Department of Insurance
Liberty Bell Life Insurance v. Department of Insurance
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
This is an appeal from an adjudication of the Insurance Commissioner of Pennsylvania imposing upon
The fine was imposed pursuant to, and based upon the Commissioner’s conclusion, after hearing, that the appellant had violated Section 354 of The Insurance Company Law of 1921, Act of May 17, 1921, P. L. 682, Article III, added by the Act of June 23, 1931, P. L. 904, §2, as amended, 40 P.S. §477(b), which in pertinent part provides:
“It shall be unlawful for any insurance company . . . doing business in this Commonwealth, to issue, sell, or dispose of any policy, contract, or certificate, covering life, health, accident, personal liability, fire, marine, title, and all forms of casualty insurance . . . or any other contracts of insurance, or use applications, riders, or endorsements, in connection therewith, until the forms of the same have been submitted to and formally approved by the Insurance Commissioner. . . .
“Forms so filed . . . shall be deemed approved at the expiration of thirty (30) days after filing, unless earlier approved or disapproved by the Insurance Commissioner. . . .
“Such approval shall become void upon any subsequent notice of disapproval from the Insurance Commissioner. . . .
“Upon any disapproval, the Insurance Commissioner-shall notify the insurer in writing, specifying the reason for such disapproval; and within thirty (30) days from the date of mailing of such notice to the insurer, such insurer may make written application to the Insurance Commissioner for a hearing thereon, and such hearing shall be held within thirty (30) days after receipt of such application. The procedure before the Insurance Commissioner shall be in accordance with the adjudication procedure set forth in the ‘Administra
“Any person, corporation, insurance company, exchange, order, or society that shall, either as principal or agent, issue, or cause to be issued, any policy or contract of insurance within the Commonwealth, contrary to this section, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars ($500.00).
“Upon satisfactory evidence of the violation of this section by any such person, corporation, insurance company, exchange, order, or society, the Insurance Commissioner may, in his discretion, pursue any one or more of the following courses of action: (1) Suspend or revoke the license of such offending person, corporation, insurance company, exchange, order or society; (2) refuse, for a period of not to exceed one year thereafter, to issue a new license to such person, corporation, insurance company, exchange, order, or society; (3) impose a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) for each and every act in violation of this act. . . .”
The Notice of Hearing by which the appellant was summoned before the Commissioner, charged appellant with numerous violations of The Insurance Company Law of 1921, 40 P.S. 341, et seq., and of The Insurance Department Act of One Thousand Nine Hundred and Twenty-one, Act of May 17, 1921, P. L. 789, 40 P.S. §1, et seq., in addition to the alleged violation of Section 354 of the former. The adjudication concludes that the appellant in fact did violate these laws in several respects. However, all of said violations are punishable as misdemeanors and none are the occasion for fine imposed by the Commissioner. For this reason, the Insurance Department has not briefed for us any matters concerning said alleged violations. Never
On the sole issue here of whether the adjudication that the appellant company violated Section 354 of The Insurance Company Law by issuing policies not approved by the Department is supported by substantial evidence, we deem the following facts relevant: In September 1967, J. Gilbert Brown acquired 99% of the stock of the appellant company from the trustees of a bankrupt corporation. At that time there existed a deficiency in the company’s capital. Representatives of the Insurance Department and Mr. Brown met for the purpose of agreeing upon an arrangement whereby the company could continue business by the provision of additional assets. With the full knowledge and understanding of Department representatives, Mr. Brown put Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000.00) in cash in the company and supplied it with a note in the amount of Two Hundred and Twenty Thousand Dollars ($220,-000.00) of two other corporations which he owned or controlled. This note incidentally had been reduced to the principal amount of Sixty-six Thousand Dollars ($66,000.00) when the hearing before the Commissioner took place and we understand now has been paid in full. The Department insisted, however, that the note should be appraised by the Committee on Valuation of Securities of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. There was a delay in the receipt of the appraisal, whether due to the fault of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners or Mr. Brown is
If the issue before us was that of whether there was a violation of the Department’s order to cease issuing policies, we might be required to support the Department. That is not, however the issue. By Section 354 of The Insurance Company Law 40 P.S. §447(b), under which alone may a fine be imposed by the Commissioner, the offense required to be proved is the issuance or sale of policies on forms not approved by the Commissioner.
The Department made some attempt to show that GCL-10 had never been approved by the Commissioner. Correspondence introduced at the hearing, and not necessary here to describe, shows very clearly that the Commissioner did approve form GCL-10 in the year 1965. Nor is there anything in this record indicating any disapproval of that form between that date and January 1, 1970.
Of the eighty-eight policies, forty-six were sold after January 1, 1970. The Department contends that the issuance of each of these forty-six policies was a violation
Section 354 is penal and, therefore, subject to strict construction. See State Real Estate Commission v. Farkas, 1 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 134, 274 A. 2d 238 (1971). It requires a written notice of disapproval of forms in use. Why the Department did not include such disapproval in its broadcast notice is as incomprehensible to us as its failure in this case to prove that this or any notice disapproving GCL-10 was sent to the appellant.
Order
And Now, to wit, this 1st day of June, 1972, the appeal of Liberty Bell Life Insurance Company is sustained and the Insurance Commissioner’s adjudication made January 4, 1972, is set aside.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.