Commonwealth v. Coles
Commonwealth v. Coles
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting Opinion by
This is an appeal from a judgment of sentence following a conviction for larceny and operating a motor vehicle without the consent of the owner of a 1963 Chevrolet.
On April 9,1971, at about 8:2Q p.m., Mr. Fred Langley drove his car, a 1963 Chevrolet, to the home of his wife at 2853 North 9th Street in Philadelphia. He parked his car in front of her house and went inside. At 8:80 p.m., he discovered the car missing and reported this to the police. Langley then borrowed a car from a friend and went to look for his car. At about 1:00 a.m. he found it parked outside a bar. The car was equipped with an “exit switch” that made the car impossible to start when activated. He activated the switch, parked the borrowed car, and waited. In about ten minutes, he allegedly saw the appellant come out of the bar with a tape recorder and a bag of tapes, all of which had been in the glove compartment of his ear. Appellant attempted to start the car, but could not. The police then arrived and arrested appellant, who
Appellant contends that the trial judge erred when he charged the jury that it could return a guilty verdict for the larceny of either the 1963 Chevrolet or the tapes and tape recorder. Appellant argues it was both erroneous and prejudicial to include the tapes and tape recorder as a separate offense. The trial judge delivered the following charge to the jury: “Here there has been evidence with respect to two larcenies. The Commonwealth asks that you find that the automobile was stolen and that the tape recorder and the tapes inside the automobile were stolen.” (Emphasis added.)
Defense counsel objected to the charge saying: “My only exception to the charge, Your Honor, is in explaining larceny and receiving stolen goods with regard to the automobile, the recorder and the tapes. But that is not alleged in the indictment. The tape recorder and the tapes are not in the indictment.”
Pennsylvania Buies of Criminal Procedure 220 states very clearly: “The court may allow an indictment to be amended where there is an defect in form,
In Commonwealth v. Wolfe, 220 Pa. Superior Ct. 415, 289 A. 2d 153 (1972), this Court vacated the lower court’s additional sentence of five to ten years pursuant to the “gun possession act,” 18 P.S. §4416 (b) because the violation of 18 P.S. §4416(b) was not included in the complaint or the indictments. We said at pages 419-420: “In a criminal prosecution, it is imperative that a defendant be given clear notice of the charges against him. The indictment upon which appellant was charged in the instant case contains no notice of a
In Stirone v. United States, 361 U.S. 212, 80 S. Ct. 270 (1960),
By allowing the amendment at the end of trial, the trial judge deprived appellant of his “. . . substantia] right to be tried only on charges presented in the indictment. . . ,”
The judgment of sentence should be reversed, and the case remanded for new trial, limited to the charge of larceny of the 1963 Chevrolet.
Indictment No. 697 charges the defendant with one count of larceny [of 1063 Chevrolet] and one count of receiving stolen goods.
The lower court said in its opinion: “On the record the court should not have referred in its charge to ‘two larcenies’. ... In fact, however, the court considers that its error was harmless because the jury must have understood that the Question it had to decide was whether there had been one larceny of different items: the car, the tape recorder and tapes.”
I am cognizant of the importance of allowing indictments to be liberally amended. “. . . it shall and may be lawful for the court before whom the trial shall be had, if it shall consider such variance not material to the merits of the case, and that the defendant cannot be prejudiced thereby in his defense upon such merits, to order such indictment to be amended, according to the proof, . . .” 19 P.S. §433. In Commonwealth v. Neuman, 151 Pa. Superior Ct. 642, 652, 30 A. 2d 698, 703 (1943) our Court said: “There has been a constant trend toward liberalizing, both by statute and decision, the amendability of indictments, . . .” See also, Commonwealth v. Ballow, 171 Pa. Superior Ct. 54, 90 A. 2d 363 (1952).
The Constitution of Pennsylvania, Article I, Section 9, provides as follows: “In all criminal prosecutions the accused hath both a right to be heard by himself and his counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him. . . .”
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution establishes that: “No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury. . . .”
Where the indictment charged the defendant with violation of the Hobbs Act in unlawfully interfering by means of threats with interstate commerce with respect to importation of sand and other materials from other states by manufacturer of ready-mix concrete; the Court held it was error to admit evidence that concrete was being shipped for incorporation into a steel mill, which would manufacture products that would be shipped in interstate commerce and to charge jury that defendant’s guilt could be rested either on finding that sand had been shipped in interstate commerce or that concrete would be incorporated in steel mill which would ship products in interstate commerce.
Stirone v. United States, supra at 273; See also Ex Parte Bain, 121 U.S. 1, 7 S. Ct. 781 (1887).
This ease should be remanded for a new trial on the automobile larceny charge because it is impossible to determine from the jury’s verdict whether guilt was attributed to larceny of the automobile or of the tape paraphernalia. The verdict reads in part: “. • • guilty to Bill 697 charging larceny on the first count, not guilty on the second count of receiving stolen goods.” It is certainly possible that the jury returned a guilty verdict for larceny because it believed that the defendant stole the tape equipment. Therefore, on the limited charge of larceny of the 1963 Ohevrolet, a new trial should be granted.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Commonwealth v. Coles, Appellant
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- 5 cases
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- Published