Commonwealth v. Walburn
Commonwealth v. Walburn
Opinion of the Court
Appellant contends that he made an unknowing guilty plea because counsel failed to advise him that he had a meritorious Rule 1100
Appellant then filed a petition pursuant to the Post Conviction Hearing Act, Act of January 25, 1966, P.L. (1965) 1580, § 1 et seq.; 19 P.S. § 1180-1 et seq. New counsel was appointed to represent appellant at his September 16, 1975 hearing. The lower court denied the petition on April 6, 1976. This appeal followed.
However, appellant’s plea was made on March 11, 1975. At that time, Pennsylvania appellate courts had not yet decided whether time consumed by pretrial litigation could be automatically excluded pursuant to Rule 1100(d). We did not decide that issue until March 29, 1976. Commonwealth v. Millhouse, 239 Pa.Super. 445, 362 A.2d 398 (1976), rev’d on other, grounds, 470 Pa. 512, 368 A.2d 1273 (1977). Therefore, when appellant entered his plea, the alternatives confronting appellant and counsel were these: to chance a trial verdict and a severe sentence and take a chance that this Court would reverse the judgment of sentence on a question of first impression or to take a lesser sentence and forego the uncertain route of appellate litigation. Appellant concedes that he and his counsel discussed the existing alternatives he now asserts that the advice was bad. We cannot conclude that the course chosen by counsel was unreasonable in light of the uncertainty of the law in 1975. To hold otherwise would require the use of 20-20 hindsight in order to conclude that the Rule 1100 claim was meritorious. That subsequent analysis may prove trial counsel wrong in his judgment has been consistently disavowed as a standard of appellate review. Commonwealth v. Moore, 466 Pa. 510, 353 A.2d 808 (1976); Commonwealth v. Thomas, 465 Pa. 442, 350
We affirm the order of the lower court.
. Rule 1100, Pa.R.Crim.P.; 19 P.S. Appendix.
. Appellant also contends that he is entitled to a trial because the plea colloquy was inadequate in two respects: (1) The terms of the plea bargain did not appear of record, Rule 319, Pa.R.Crim.P., 19 P.S. Appendix; (2) the record did not include an explanation of the presumption of innocence. See Commonwealth v. Ingram, 455 Pa. 198, 316 A.2d 77 (1974). Initially, although the better practice is to place the terms of the bargain on the record, our Supreme Court has never held that failure to do so leads to a prophylactic grant of a new
We also reject appellant’s second contention. During the PCHA hearing, appellant conceded that he heard the judge explain the presumption of innocence to the jury before trial was terminated by appellant’s guilty plea. In addition, he admitted that he understood what the presumption meant. Although compliance with Rule 319 should be strictly enforced, its application is not intended to protect one who admits, in effect, that his plea was knowingly and intelligently made.
. Although appellant filed no direct appeal, he alleged in his PCHA petition that he was denied his right to appeal. During the hearing, appellant entered his correspondence with his attorney that indicates that appellant instructed his attorney to appeal and that counsel declined to do so. The lower court addressed the underlying claims, apparently because it found that the failure to take a direct appeal
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting:
On August 13 and 15, 1974, complaints were filed against appellant Larry Walburn, charging him with various narcotics violations, with unsworn falsification, and with violations of the Uniform Firearms Act. On March 3, 1975 (more than 180 days after filing of the complaints) appellant filed a petition with the lower court to dismiss the indictment under Rule 1100 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure. This petition was denied by the lower court on March 11, 1975,
At the PCHA hearing of September 16, 1975, appellant’s trial counsel testified that appellant had asked him to file an appeal based on the Commonwealth’s failure to try appellant within 180 days, but that counsel had felt that an appeal based on the 180 day rule would be unsuccessful because of the Ingram case.
I would reverse and discharge appellant.
. Reasons for denying appellant’s petition for dismissal were stated by the trial judge on the record before the commencement of trial on March 11, 1975:
“It should be noted that the petition to suppress was filed on November 21, 1974, and that the hearing thereon was scheduled for November 27, 1974, the latter date being a Wednesday, and the following day was Thursday, November 28, 1974, which was Thanksgiving. The next regularly scheduled term of Court was to begin Monday, December 2, 1974, and the next regularly scheduled term of criminal court following the December 2, 1974 term is the present term of criminal court beginning on March 3, 1975, in which term of Court this case is set for trial.
“The Court feels that we had several complicated questions which were presented and included in the petition to suppress, and the Court believes that substantial justice would not be served by acting upon the issues presented in the petition to suppress without deliberation and research. Further, it should be noted, as has been indicated, this is only a thirty day period beyond the so-called 180 day rule, and we conclude that the defendant has not been prejudiced in any way regarding the small delay which has been occasioned, and therefore, the petition is denied. Exception noted.”
. Since appellant has adequately coupled his incompetency of counsel allegation with a challenge to the validity of the guilty plea, the issue is properly framed for our consideration. Commonwealth v. Bunch, 466 Pa. 22, 28, n. 6, 351 A.2d 284, 286-87, n. 6 (1976).
. Commonwealth v. Ingram, 455 Pa. 198, 316 A.2d 77 (1974).
. Because of this finding, it is not necessary for us to examine the other issues raised by appellant.
. Since the lower court has already had an opportunity to consider this matter, it would be pointless for us to remand for an evidentiary hearing.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Larry WALBURN, Appellant
- Cited By
- 4 cases
- Status
- Published