Commonwealth v. Smicklo
Commonwealth v. Smicklo
Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal by John Smicklo from a prison sentence imposed by the Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County. We conclude that the judgment of sentence must be affirmed.
John Smicklo was arrested and charged with stealing a lawn tractor valued at over two thousand dollars from the Burrell Township Elementary School on November 18, 1985. He pleaded guilty to theft by unlawful taking
Appellant contends that the trial judge did not have authority to sentence him under the Youth Offenders Act because the Act was invalid as a sentencing statute. He claims that the Youth Offenders Act, which prohibits a minimum sentence, is inconsistent with the 1982 Sentencing Guidelines, which specify suggested ranges of minimum sentences.
Appellant also maintains that the trial court erred by failing to state on the record his reasons for not sentencing under the guidelines.
We find that appellant Smicklo’s second claim involves a discretionary aspect of sentence rather than a question of sentence legality. “A legality issue is essentially a claim that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to impose the sentence that it handed down____ A trial court ordinarily has jurisdiction to impose any sentence which is within the range of punishments which the legislature has authorized for the defendant’s crimes.” Commonwealth v. Smith, 375 Pa.Super. at 426, 544 A.2d at 994. As we have noted, appellant’s sentence of no minimum term and six years maximum term was specifically authorized by the Youth Offenders Act, and the Act was in force at the time of appellant’s sentencing hearing. We therefore conclude that the judgment of sentence was not illegal.
By characterizing appellant’s second claim as “discretionary”, we do not mean to imply that the trial court need not explain its reasons for departing from the guidelines. The
In Commonwealth v. Tolassi, 303 Pa.Super. 177, 449 A.2d 636 (1982), we considered the analogous question of whether the trial court’s failure to give an overall statement of reasons for the sentence imposed, as required by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Riggins, 474 Pa. 115, 377 A.2d 140 (1977), resulted in an illegal sentence.
The requirements that the lower court must state of record its reasons for not ordering a pre-sentence report, Pa.R.Crim.P. 1403(A)(2); that sentences must not be uni*455 form but individualized, Commonwealth v. Martin, [466 Pa. 118, 351 A.2d 650 (1976)]; Commonwealth v. Riggins, supra; and that the lower court must state of record its reasons for the sentence, Commonwealth v. Riggins, supra; Pa.R.Crim.P. 1405(b), are all requirements intended to improve the quality of sentencing and to aid appellate review. They do not implicate the power of the court to impose sentence, and the failure to comply with them does not render a sentence “illegal” within the principle that the illegality of a sentence is not subject to waiver, any more that a judge’s failure to make a correct evidentiary ruling makes the resulting verdict “illegal.” Thus we have repeatedly held that the claim that a sentence should be vacated because of the lower court’s failure to state of record its reasons for the sentence will be waived if not made in a motion to modify sentence, filed pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 1410____ Any other result would be inconsistent with the principle of Commonwealth v. Clair, [458 Pa. 418, 326 A.2d 272 (1974) ], that even claims of “fundamental error” may be waived.
303 Pa.Super. at 180-82, 449 A.2d at 638.
Since Tolassi, we have customarily treated claims relating to statement of reasons requirements not as challenges to sentence legality but rather as challenges to discretionary aspects of a sentence. We have reaffirmed the holding that such claims are waived unless raised before the trial court in a motion to modify sentence. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Martin, 328 Pa.Super. 498, 477 A.2d 555 (1984) (en banc); Commonwealth v. Warden, 335 Pa.Super. 315, 484 A.2d 151 (1984). We have also found that such claims are not appealable as of right, and are subject to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Tuladziecki, supra. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Johnson, 373 Pa.Super. 312, 328-330, 541 A.2d 332, 340 (1988); Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 372 Pa.Super. 369, 539 A.2d 840 (1988) (en banc); Commonwealth v. Thomas, 370 Pa. Super. 544, 537 A.2d 9, 12 (1988); Commonwealth v. Losch, 369 Pa.Super. 192, 535 A.2d 115 (1987); Commonwealth v. Osborn, 364 Pa.Super. 505, 528 A.2d 623, 630 (1987); Com
In Tuladziecki, the Court emphasized the importance of compliance with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119(f). Rule 2119(f) directs the appellant to “set forth in his brief a concise statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary aspects of sentence.” Appellant’s brief does not contain a Rule 2119(f) statement. This court will overlook a Rule 2119(f) violation where the appellee has failed to object to the defect. Commonwealth v. Krum, supra. In this case, however, the Commonwealth specifically objected to the defect. Supplemental Brief of Appellee at 3-4. Therefore we will not consider whether the trial court provided a sufficient statement of reasons for sentencing appellant outside the guidelines.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
. 18 Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann. § 3921(a) (Purdon 1983).
. 18 Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann. § 3925(a) (Purdon 1983).
. Youth Offenders Act, Act of April 28, 1887, P.L. 63, § 6, as amended, Pa.Stat.Ann. tit. 61, §§ 483-495 (Purdon 1964), repealed by Act of Dec. 11, 1986, P.L. 1521, No. 165, § 10, effective in 60 days.
. The 1982 Sentence Guidelines, 204 Pa.Code ch. 303, were invalidated by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Sessoms, 516 Pa. 365, 532 A.2d 775 (1987). In Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 372
We note that a new set of sentencing guidelines was recently promulgated by the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing. See 17 Pennsylvania Bulletin 5012 (Dec. 5, 1987). These new guidelines apply only to sentencing for offenses committed after April 25, 1988.
. The parties agree that appellant had a prior record score of "0” and an offense gravity score of "5". For this combination, in the absence of aggravating or mitigating factors, the guidelines recommend a minimum sentence of “0-12” months. It must be noted, however, that a minimum sentence of "0” months is not the same as no minimum sentence at all.
The guidelines state that all “sentence ranges are months of minimum confinement as defined in 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9755(b) and 9756(b) (relating to partial and total confinement)." 204 Pa.Code § 303.9(a). Sections 9755(b) and 9756(b) both provide: “The court shall impose a minimum sentence of confinement which shall not exceed one-half of the maximum sentence imposed.” This language in section 9756(b) has been interpreted as requiring that every sentence of confinement imposed by a court must have a specific and definite minimum length; a prison sentence with no minimum is not permitted under the Sentencing Code. Commonwealth v. Smith, 375 Pa.Super. at 430-431, 544 A.2d at 997. Commonwealth v. Baughman, 333 Pa.Super. 458, 482 A.2d 658 (1984). Since the guidelines must be construed with refer
. Section 9721(b) of the Code provides in part:
In every case in which the court imposes a sentence for a felony or misdemeanor, the court shall make as a part of the record, and disclose in open court at the time of sentencing, a statement of the reason or reasons for the sentence imposed. In every case where the court imposes a sentence outside the sentencing guidelines adopted by the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing pursuant to section 2154 (relating to adoption of guidelines for sentencing) and made effective pursuant to section 2155, the court shall provide a contemporaneous written statement of the reason or reasons for the deviation from the guidelines. Failure to comply shall be grounds for vacating sentence and resentencing the defendant.
. This requirement was subsequently incorporated into section 9721(b) of the Sentencing Code. See n. 6, supra.
Concurring in Part
concurring and dissenting:
I agree with the majority that the Youth Offenders Act was not impliedly repealed by adoption of the Sentencing Guidelines. I also agree that a sentence under the Youth Offenders Act is a sentence “outside” the guidelines, is subject to the written statement requirement of 42 Pa.C. S.A. § 9721(b) and 204 Pa.Code § 303.1(h), and is reviewable under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b) and 9781(c)(3). See Commonwealth v. Felix, 372 Pa.Super. 145, 154 n. 4, 539 A.2d 371, 375 n. 4 (1988).
I do not agree that: 1) if the Commonwealth fails to raise a challenge to an appellant’s failure to comply with Pa.R. A.P. 2119(f), that procedural defect is waived and will be ignored; and, 2) if the Commonwealth properly raises a challenge to an appellant’s failure to comply with Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f), appellant’s challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentence must be deemed to have been waived. Those pronouncements improperly and unduly restrict this Court’s inherent discretionary authority to enforce the rules of procedure sua sponte, and to decide in our sound discretion
In the instant case, appellant argues that the trial court failed to comply with the written statement requirement of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721 and 204 Pa.Code § 303.1(h). This issue was properly preserved by a timely motion to modify sentence, timely notice of appeal, and inclusion of the issue in the statement of questions presented. However, counsel failed to include the required Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in appellant’s brief. Rather than find the issue waived based upon counsel’s procedural default, I would simply direct counsel to file a supplement to the brief to comply with Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f), and thereby avoid the inevitable PCHA petition raising this identical claim in an ineffective assistance of counsel claim. See Commonwealth v. Zeitlen, supra, 366 Pa.Super. at 81-85, 530 A.2d at 902-03.
Thus, I concur in part and dissent in part.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Patrick John SMICKLO, Appellant
- Cited By
- 16 cases
- Status
- Published