Altimaro v. Bohn
Altimaro v. Bohn
Opinion of the Court
This is an appeal from the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County ruling that the execution of judgment involving an ERISA
After the interrogatories and answers thereto were placed at issue, but prior to trial, counsel for both parties agreed to submit the matter as a case stated. The Administrative Judge entered an appropriate order assigning the case to a judge for disposition. Thereafter, the judge presiding over the case entered an opinion and order holding that “the Mellon Plan is not formally labeled a pension plan but the effect of the Plan is to provide retirement benefits for the defendants appellee] and, as such, comes within ERISA.” As a result, the appellants were denied the right to garnish the $6,000 held by Mellon in Bohn’s account. This appeal ensued.
The initial issue which we need to address relates to whether Mellon’s “Profit Sharing and Savings Plan” is a “pension plan” under ERISA, for, if it is, garnishment proceedings by the creditors/appellants are precluded under the pre-emptive authority of ERISA.
As stated most recently by a panel of this Court: “[T]he question whether a certain state action is preempted by federal law is one of congressional intent. ‘ “The purpose of Congress is the ultimate touchstone.” ’ ”
Engle v. West Penn Power Co., 366 Pa.Super. 104, 107, 530 A.2d 913, 915 (1987) (Citation omitted).
The starting point for our analysis is the language of the statute itself. See Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. Roemer, 603 F.Supp. 7, 9 (D.Minn. 1984). Accordingly, the relevant provisions which we need to examine include 29 U.S.C.
Section 1056(d)(1) reads:
Each pension plan shall provide that benefits provided under the plan may not be assigned or alienated.
Similarly, Section 401(a)(13) of the Internal Revenue Code provides in relevant part that:
A trust shall not constitute a qualified trust under this section unless plan of which such trust is a part provides that benefits provided under the plan may not be assigned or alienated.
Immunity from assignment and alienation in the above context includes immunity from garnishment and attachment. See Treasury Regulations, 41 Fed.Reg. § 56334. Lastly, as for the pertinence of Section 514 of ERISA to the case at bar, it provides that ERISA “supercede[s] any and all State laws insofar as they may now or hereafter relate to any employee benefit plan.” 29 U.S.C. § 1144(a).
As to the interpretation and application of the aforecited statutes and regulations to the case at hand, such rests on the undisputed record before this Court, a portion of which has already been recited earlier and, therefore, need not be repeated. Of relevance, however, is the fact that the appellants concede, in the parties’ joint Statement of Agreed Upon Facts at point 3, that:
In response to a second set of Garnishee Interrogatories MELLON averred:
A determination has been made by the Internal Revenue Service that the Mellon Bank Profit Sharing and Savings Plan is a qualified plan under Section 401(a)(13) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under Section 401(a)(13) of the Internal Revenue Code benefits under a qualified plan may not be anticipated, assigned (either at law or equity), alienated or subject to attachment, garnishment, levy, execution or other legal or equitable process. See also Reg. § 1.401(a)-(13)(b).
Nonassignment. Except to the extent provided in Section 7.3, no benefit under the Plan shall be subject in any manner to anticipation, alienation, sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or charge and any attempt to do so shall be void; nor shall any benefit be in any manner liable for or subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, engagements or torts of the person entitled to such benefit or to executive attachment or other judicial process of whatsoever character; and in the event that any member, former Member or Beneficiary becomes bankrupt or attempts to anticipate, alienate, sell, transfer, assign, pledge, encumber or charge any benefit, then such benefit shall cease and terminate, and the Committee shall hold or apply the same to or for the benefit of such Member, former Member or Beneficiary, his spouse, children or other dependents, or any of them, in such manner and in such proportions as the Committee shall deem proper.
Notwithstanding the preceding, and the apparent compliance with ERISA’s requirements attendant to securing federal preemptive status, the appellants argue that Mellon’s “Profit Sharing and Savings Plan” is not a “pension” plan.
Under ERISA § 4021, a plan is considered “covered” if it has met each of the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code § 401(a), 26 U.S.C. § 401(a), or it must be or have “been determined by the Secretary of the Treasury” to be a plan described in that section.
Were this an ordinary attachment or garnishment, e.g. where the beneficiary owed money to a judgment creditor, we would have no problem in accepting appellant’s argument as the correct course we should follow[, i.e., since the pension plan conforms to the requirements of ERISA (29 U.S.C. § 1056) and the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 401 et seq.), the attachment of Mr. Magrini’s pension could not stand].
Id., 263 Pa.Superior Ct. at 372, 398 A.2d at 182.
Based on the preceding, and because we find that Mellon’s Plan is a “qualified” pension plan under federal law, we have no reservations in upholding the actions of the court below in denying the appellants’ garnishment efforts in regard to Bohn’s pension benefits.
Order affirmed.
. Employee Retirement Income Security Act. 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq.
. ERISA § 4021, 29 U.S.C. § 1321 provides in pertinent part:
§ 1321. Coverage
(a) Plans covered
*270 Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this section applies to any plan (including a successor plan) which, for a plan year—
(1) is an employee pension benefit plan (as defined in paragraph (2) of section 1002 of this title) established or maintained—
(A) by an employer engaged in commerce or in any industry or activity affecting commerce, or
(B) by any employee organization, or organization representing employees, engaged in commerce or in any industry or activity affecting commerce, or
(C) by both,
which has, in practice, met the requirements of part I of subchapter D of chapter 1 of Title 26 (as in effect for the preceding 5 plan years of the plan) applicable to plans described in paragraph (2) for the preceding 5 plan years; or
(2) is, or has been determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be, a plan described in section 401(a) of Title 26, or which meets, or has been determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to meet, the requirements of section 404(a)(2) of Title 26.
. Section 1202(c) of Title 29 provides:
Regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under sections 410(a), 411, and 412 of Title 26 (relating to minimum participation standards, minimum vesting standards, and minimum funding standards, respectively) shall also apply to the minimum participation, vesting, and funding standards set forth in parts 2 and 3 of subtitle B of subchapter 1 of this chapter. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, the Secretary of Labor shall not prescribe other regulations under such parts, or apply the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under sections 410(a), 411, 412 of Title 26 and applicable to the minimum participation, vesting, and funding standards under such parts in a manner inconsistent with the way such regulations apply under sections 410(a), 411, and 412 of Title 26.
. Had there been no confirmation letter from the IRS granting “qualifying” status to Mellon’s Plan under § 401(a) of Title 26, this Court would not hesitate to find that the participant’s (Bohn’s) unfettered access to 25%-50% of the employer’s yearly contribution to the Plan, the percentage of which depended upon his years of service (see Plan ¶ 5.2), would render questionable the pre-emptive/anti-alienation cloak of ERISA. See Murphy v. Inexco Oil Co., 611 F.2d 570, 575 (5th Cir. 1980); Foltz v. U.S. News & World Report, Inc., 627 F.Supp. 1143, 1164 (D.D.C. 1986); see also Fraver v. North Carolina Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., 801 F.2d 675 (4th Cir. 1986); Matter of Rolfe, 34 B.R. 159 (Bankr.N.D.Ill. 1983).
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.