PMA Reinsurance Corp. v. Commonwealth
PMA Reinsurance Corp. v. Commonwealth
Opinion of the Court
PMA Reinsurance Corporation (Employer) appeals an order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) which reversed a referee’s decision denying benefits to Cindy L. Smith (Claimant) pursuant to Section 402(e) of the Unemployment Compensation Law (Law).
Claimant was employed as a programmer analyst from January 7, 1987, until her last day of work on October 15, 1987. During Claimant’s nine months of employment, the Employer documented that Claimant had taken twenty-two and a half days of sick time and that “[sjince July 1st Cindy has been late at least 43 times ... and has come in between 10:00 and 11:00 at least 75% of the time”
The Referee affirmed the Office of Employment Security’s denial of compensation benefits to Claimant pursuant to Section 402(e) of the Law. Claimant appealed to the Board, and the Board remanded to the referee for a hearing to establish additional testimony regarding the merits of the case. After the hearing
3. The employer had written policies and procedures regarding proper attendance, and were applicable to claimant.
4. The employer policies included a progressive accumulated point-system for applying disciplinary actions for tardiness and absenteeism.
5. Over a twelve-month period, the employer would assign points for tardinesses and absences. As an employee’s point accumulated, the appropriate disciplinary action would be taken. The first action would be verbal warning, second a written warning, third a probationary period, and then termination.
6. Claimant was aware of the employer’s policy.
7. Claimant received verbal warnings when counseled on August 31 and October 5, 1987 regarding her reporting late to work.
8. Claimant did not receive a written warning or a probationary period prior to termination.
The Board’s Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, August 14, 1988 at p. 1. The Board found that there was a conflict in the testimony and resolved it in favor of Claimant and concluded that the Employer did not properly apply its outlined disciplinary procedure.
Initially, we note that our scope of review is limited to whether an error of law was committed, constitutional rights were violated, or whether substantial evidence supports the findings of facts. Section 704 of the Administrative Agency Law, 2 Pa.C.S. § 704; Kirkwood v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 106 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 92, 525 A.2d 841 (1987).
The question of whether conduct rises to the level of willful misconduct is a question of law to be determined by this Court. Fritz v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 66 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 492, 446 A.2d 330 (1982). Willful misconduct is defined as conduct that represents a wanton and willful disregard of an employer’s interest, deliberate violation of rules, disregard of standards of behavior which an employer can rightfully expect from his employee, or negligence which manifests culpability, wrongful intent, evil design, or intentional and substantial disregard for the employer’s interest or employee’s duties and obligations. Frick v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 31 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 198, 375 A.2d 879 (1977). We recognize that chronic tardiness particularly after a warning and unjustified absenteeism constitute willful misconduct. Conibear v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 76 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 264, 463 A.2d 1231 (1983); Welded Tube Company of America v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 43 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 231, 401 A.2d 1383 (1979). However, where the absences are not properly recorded according to the employer’s rules, the employee’s absenteeism does not amount to a disregard of the standards of behavior an
Employer next argues that the Claimant was an “exempt” employee and that the progressive disciplinary system outlined in written policies and procedures did not apply to Claimant. We disagree.
Finally, the Employer argues that, since an employment relationship is generally “at will” in Pennsylvania, it did not have to follow its progressive disciplinary procedure in discharging the Claimant. We disagree.
While the Employer could discharge Claimant for a number of reasons, it must do so in accordance with its own
Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the Board.
ORDER
NOW, May 17, 1989, the order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, dated August 19, 1988, at B-267992 is affirmed.
. Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex.Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. § 802(e).
. Employer witness John Cunningham (Cunningham) testified that Claimant was required to be at work at 8:30 a.m. Notes of Testimony, December 16, 1987, (N.T.) at 4.
. The meetings were held on August 31, 1987, September 14, 1987, and October 5, 1987. N.T. at 6-7.
. The Employer presented telephone testimony at the remand hearing which was objected to by Claimant. The referee did not rule on the objection, but did allow the testimony. Notes of Testimony, April 20, 1988, at 1-9, 17. However, the Board’s decision is supported by testimony elicited at the first hearing.
. The Employer’s policy guidelines in relevant part are:
Occurrences
Each time an absence occurs, it is measured on a point basis____ Lateness and Early Departure
Lateness within first 15 minutes of work or returning from lunch is recorded as Vi a point.
Lateness after the first 15 minutes of the work day or returning from lunch, or early departure is recorded as one point.
Attendance Review and Disciplinary Action Once point accumulations reach certain levels, following steps taken place:
Attendance Review
7-11 points: Counseling
12-15 points: Documented Counseling
Disciplinary Action
16-19 points: Probation
20 or more points: Termination Review Process
R. Item No. 8, Claimant’s Exhibit 1, RR at 27a.
. George Litterer (paralegal) to Claimant:
Q: Miss Smith did you believe that the contents of the employee handbook applied to you?
A: Yes, that’s the one I was given when I started there, to follow.
Q: And have, did you specifically believe that the attendance report inside that handbook applied to you?
A: Yes I do.
Q: Were you ever provided with a documented disciplinary hearing or were you ever placed on probation in accordance with the written policy in the handbook?
A: No.
Q: If you would of known that your job was in jeopardy as a result of your coming in late, would you have continued to come in late?
A: No.
(N.T. at 12, 13.)
Reference
- Full Case Name
- PMA REINSURANCE CORPORATION v. COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION BOARD OF REVIEW
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published