Manley v. Ryan
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
We have received the Report of Magistrate Raymond J. Durkin in the above-captioned matter. The Magistrate’s Report includes a recommendation as to the proper disposition of this case. The Petitioner has filed exceptions to the Magistrate’s Report. We have considered these exceptions, the Magistrate’s Report, and the case file in reaching our decision.
This is a habeas corpus action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Petitioner alleges that he is illegally incarcerated at the State Correctional Institution at Dallas, Pennsylvania. Petitioner claims that Pennsylvania did not meet the requirements of the Speedy Trial Clause of the 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in the manner in which he was prosecuted.
Petitioner was convicted of robbery, theft, and reckless endangerment in the Court of Common Pleas for Lackawanna County on December 1, 1978. That convic
Magistrate Durkin recommended that the instant petition be dismissed due to the fact that, as initially presented, it presented both exhausted and unexhausted claims. Such mixed petitions are susceptible to dismissal under the doctrine of Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 102 S.Ct. 1198, 71 L.Ed.2d 379 (1982). Counsel for Petitioner moved for an extension of time to file exceptions to the Magistrate’s Report and also for leave to amend the original petition to delete those claims which have yet to be exhausted in the Pennsylvania Courts. We granted both motions. Therefore, we have jurisdiction to consider this amended petition since it incorporates only the aforementioned speedy trial argument which, of course, raises a federal question.
We need not consider the trial record. The case was tried to a jury and the Petitioner does not challenge the efficacy of the verdict. The only issue Petitioner brings before us is the 6th Amendment speedy trial question previously mentioned. We must look to Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972), for guidance. Barker, supra, postulates a balancing test to determine whether the 6th Amendment right to a speedy trial has been abridged. The four factors to be considered in this balance are: a) the length of delay; 2) the reason for delay; c) the Defendant’s assertion of his right; and d) prejudice to the Defendant. Before subjecting the facts surrounding Manley’s prosecution to this four factor analysis, we think it wise to posit an important principle. The 6th Amendment right to a speedy trial is fundamental and demands zealous protection. Klopfer v. North Carolina, 386 U.S. 213, 87 S.Ct. 988, 18 L.Ed.2d 1 (1967). It is also one of the more nebulous rights possessed by American citizens. In Barker, supra, 407 U.S. at 521, 92 S.Ct. at 2187, the Supreme Court in a unanimous opinion delivered by Justice Powell held:
... the right to speedy trial is a more vague concept than other procedural rights. It is, for example, impossible to determine with precision when the right has been denied. We cannot definitely say how long is too long in a system where justice is supposed to be swift but deliberate.
The Barker Court went on to emphasize a concept first enunciated in Beavers v. Haubert, 198 U.S. 77, 87, 25 S.Ct. 573, 576, 49 L.Ed. 950 (1905):
the right of a speedy trial is necessarily relative. It is consistent with delays and depends upon circumstances. It secures rights to a defendant. It does not preclude the rights of public justice.
It is from this framework that we must analyze Petitioner Manley’s application for writ of habeas corpus. He claims infringement of a fundamental right. It is, however, an imprecisely delineated right which must be weighed against the significant interest of society in punishing lawbreakers. With these competing interests in mind we apply the Barker approach to this petition.
The first factor to be weighed in the Barker balance is the length of delay between arrest and trial. In this case 288 days elapsed between the Petitioner’s arrest and the onset of trial. Suffice it to say that, depending upon the circumstances of a case, times greatly in excess of 288 days have been ruled permissible from the prosecution’s standpoint
The second factor, the reason for delay, is of utmost importance in this case. The
The third factor to be considered in the Barker analysis is the assertion by the accused of his right to speedy trial. We find it significant that Petitioner did not assert this right until September 21, 1978, some 38 days after the date on which the strictest construction of Rule 1100 would have mandated the beginning of trial. This Court would be more receptive to Petitioner’s application were there some record that he had asserted this right contemporaneously with the Commonwealth’s motion for extension of time to commence trial. The fact that Petitioner did not oppose the Commonwealth’s motion persuades this Court of the likelihood that he was totally unconcerned with asserting the right to speedy trial. It was only after the Public Defender realized that the Commonwealth’s motion had never been acted upon that the right to speedy trial came to be so dear to Petitioner.
The final factor to be considered is the degree of prejudice to the accused in having his trial delayed. Petitioner’s objection to the Magistrate’s Report makes much of the fact that “the most important factor which the (Barker) Court discusses is the prejudice to the Defendant with regard to his failure to receive a speedy trial.”
In summation, mindful of our determination that a fundamental right was implicated in this application, we have endeavored to “engage in a difficult and sensitive balancing process”
. See Finney v. Wainwright, 434 F.2d 1001, (5th Cir.), certiorari denied 401 U.S. 962, 91 S.Ct. 967, 28 L.Ed.2d 245 (1971). Also, U.S. ex rel. Orsini v. Reincke, 286 F.Supp. 974, affirmed 397 F.2d 977 (2d Cir. 1968) certiorari denied 393 U.S. 1050, 89 S.Ct. 689, 21 L.Ed.2d 692 (1969).
. We note that it is highly unlikely that Petitioner Manley was unaware of the 6th Amendment rights he might assert since it is not inaccurate to characterize him as a career criminal with a history of criminal behavior stretching back to the 1940’s.
. Docket Item Number 7 at page 3.
. Barker, supra, 407 U.S. at 533, 92 S.Ct. at 2193.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Lloyd Lorenzo MANLEY v. Joseph RYAN, Warden
- Status
- Published