Burgos v. City of Philadelphia
Burgos v. City of Philadelphia
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In his Second Amended Complaint, pro sePlaintiff David Burgos alleges that Defendants violated his constitutional rights by holding him in a filthy and overcrowded cell at Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility (“CFCF”).
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs allegations stem from his incarceration as a pre-trial detainee at CFCF in 2013.
At times, Plaintiff was briefly transferred out of three-person cells into two-person cells, but he claims that he was ultimately returned to three-person cells in retaliation for filing grievances. At one point, Plaintiff was transferred to Cumberland County Prison for about a month, and was ordered to place his personal belongings—family photographs, toothpaste, soap, and food—into storage prior to the transfer. When Plaintiff returned to CFCF, all of his items had been lost or stolen.
As is relevant here, Plaintiff filed a Second Amended Complaint asserting violations of his Fourth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights under § 1983 against the following Defendants: (1) the City of Philadelphia; (2) former Mayor Michael Nutter; (3) Louis Giorla (the Commissioner of the Philadelphia Prison System); (4) John Delaney (the Warden of CFCF); (5) Michele Farrell (the Deputy Warden and Grievance Coordinator at CFCF); and (6) Corizon Prison Health Services.
Dismissal for failure to state a claim is-appropriate if the complaint fails to allege facts sufficient to establish a plausible entitlement to relief.
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)(2), leave to amend the complaint should be “freely give[n] when justice so requires.” Amendment may be denied as futile when “the complaint, as amended, would fail -to state a claim upon which relief could be granted,” and is “assessed using the same standard applied in the face of a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6).”
III. ANALYSIS
Defendants oppose Plaintiffs motion for leave to amend solely on the" ground of futility. Because the Court concludes that amendment would not be futile, Plaintiff will be granted leave to file the Third Amended Complaint, with some limitations set forth below, and Defendants’ motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint will be dismissed as moot.
A. Section 1983 Claims
Plaintiff asserts two types of Fourteenth Amendment Due Process claims under §.1983: a “triple-celling” claim that challenges his conditions of confinement at CFCF, and an inadequate medical care claim. The Court begins with the general framework governing § 1983 claims and then proceeds to a discussion of each type of Due Process claim.
“[Section] 1983 provides reme--dies for deprivations of rights established in the Constitution or federal laws,” but “does not, by its own terms, create substantive rights.”
“To establish that supervisors are liable under .§ 1983 for deliberate indifference to an unconstitutional policy or practice, ‘[t]he plaintiff must (1) identify the specific supervisory practice or procedure that the supervisor failed to employ, and show that (2) the existing custom and practice without the identified, absent custom or procedure created an unreasonable risk of the ultimate injury, (3) the supervisor was aware that this unreasonable risk existed, (4) the. supervisor was indifferent to the risk; and (5) the underlying violation resulted.from the supervisor’s failure to employ that supervisory practice or procedure.’ ”
1. Triple-Celling Claim
Defendants focus primarily on Plaintiffs triple-celling claim. Defendants argue that Plaintiffs claim is deficient as pleaded in both the Second Amended Complaint and the proposed Third Amended Complaint because: (1) Plaintiff fails to allege an underlying constitutional violation; (2) Plaintiff fails, to allege individual-capacity claims, against the individual Defendants; and (3) Plaintiff fails to allege a Monell claim against the City of Philadelphia,
a. Constitutional Violation
Defendants first' argue that Plaintiff fails to make the threshold showing of a constitutional violation, Claims by pre-trial detainees challenging their conditions of confinement are analyzed under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Plaintiff alleges that he was forced to sleep on an unsterilized mattress in an overcrowded cell and exposed to filth and vermin on a daily basis—a situation made worse, by Defendants’ failure to respond to his grievances or enforce a routine cleaning schedule. As a result, Plaintiff contracted scabies and his existing back injuries were aggravated. Taken as true, these
b. Supervisory Liability Claim Against Delaney, Farrell, Giorla, and Nutter
The individual Defendants (Delaney, Farrell, Giorla, and Nutter) argue that Plaintiff fails to state a claim for supervisory liability. That is true as to Nutter, against whom Plaintiff offers only conclusory allegations consisting of little more than a cursory description: of his former responsibilities as mayor,
However, Plaintiff has adequately alleged that Delaney, Farrell,’ and Giorla were deliberately indifferent to violations of his constitutional rights because they implemented a triple-celling policy at CFCF despite knowledge of its dangers and failed to adopt common-sense remedial measures such as routine cleaning schedules. Plaintiff has also alleged .that Delaney and Giorla were aware of his unsanitary and dangerous living conditions based on his multiple grievances and inspections that they were required to sign-off on, and that Farrell provided non-responsive answers to his complaints of bodily ailments. That is enough to state a triple-celling claim under § 1983, as other courts in this District have found.
c. Municipal Liability Claim Against the City of Philadelphia
The proposed Third Amended Complaint mentions the City of Philadelphia in its caption, but otherwise includes no express claims against the. City, However, Plaintiff has asserted claims against Delaney, Farrell,, Giorla, and Nutter in their official capacities, and such claims “generally represent only another, way of pleading an action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.”
“[I]n an official-capacity suit,” also known as Monell claim, “the entity’s ‘policy or custom’ must have played a part in the violation of federal law.”
2. Inadequate Medical Care Claim
Separate from his triple-celling claim, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants were deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs because they ignored his complaints about his back injuries and scabies and forced him to sleep in an overcrowded cell that exacerbated those conditions. Defendants do not explicitly address this claim.
Like Plaintiffs triple-celling claim, “[a] claim for inadequate medical care of a pre-trial detainee is analyzed under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.”
B. First Amendment Claim
Plaintiff also seeks leave to amend to assert a claim for First Amendment retaliation. This claim is nominally asserted against all Defendants, but 'Plaintiffs allegations only concern Delaney and Farrell. Plaintiff alleges that after he filed his grievances, Delaney and Farrell’s subordinates retaliated against him by shuffling him between two-person and three-person cells in order to deter future complaints.
“Retaliating against a prisoner for the exercise' of his constitutional rights is unconstitutional.”
C. Conversion Claim
Finally, Plaintiff- seeks leave to assert a state-law claim for conversion based on the loss of his personal property following his temporary transfer to Cumberland County Prison. Defendants fail to address this claim as well. “Under Pennsylvania law, the elements to the tort of conversion are: (1) deprivation of another’s right of property in, or use or possession of, (2) a chattel, (3) without the owner’s consent, and (4) without lawful
D. Other Pending Motions
"The parties have filed four other motions, which the Court will address briefly. First, Plaintiff has filed a “Motion for Appointment' of Special Counsel.” Though this case was previously referred to the Prisoner Civil Rights Panel, and no- Panel attorney agreed to represent Plaintiff, the Court -will again refer this case to the Panel in light of the fact that Plaintiff has been granted leaye to amend. In the meantime, Plaintiff must represent himself pro se or' retain counsel if he 'continues to pursue this case.
Second, Plaintiff has filed an “Omnibus Response and Clarification Motion.” Though styled as a “motion,” this appears to be a response in opposition to Defendants’ motion to" dismiss, and so it will be dismissed as moot.
Third, Plaintiff has filed a “Discovery Motion,” which consists of a list of discovery requests. Defendants do not object to the substance of the requests, and have asked only that they be allowed to respond in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Tlius, the “motion” will be denied without prejudice, and Defendants shall respond to Plaintiffs discovery requests as required by the Federal Rules.
Finally, Defendants have filed a motion to depose Plaintiff, who has not responded. Because the discovery period is drawing to a close and Plaintiffs testimony will doubtless be necessary for dispositive motion briefing, Defendants’ motion will be granted.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the- Second Amended Complaint will be dismissed as moot, and Plaintiff will be granted leave to file the Third Amended Complaint, with the limitations set -forth in this opinion. The other pending motions will be resolved as‘stated above. An appropriate order will follow.
. These allegations are taken as true for the purposes of this opinion. Because Plaintiff is pro se, his arguments are construed liberally. Giles v. Kearney, 571 F.3d 318, 322 (3d Cir. 2009). And although they are not, strictly spealdng, included in the Third Amended Complaint, the Court takes note of the exhibits attached to the Second Amended Complaint, which Plaintiff references but does not reproduce in the Third Amended Complaint.
.Because Corizon has been granted permission to file a separate motion to dismiss after the Court rules on Plaintiff's motion to file a third amended complaint, this opinion only concerns the claims against the other Defendants.
. See Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203, 210-211 (3d Cir. 2009) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009)).
. Santiago v. Warminster Twp., 629 F.3d 121, 128 (3d Cir. 2010) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937) (internal quotation marks omitted).
. Fowler, 578 F.3d at 210 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Santiago, 629 F.3d at 128 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Shane v. Fauver, 213 F.3d 113, 115 (3d Cir. 2000) (citation omitted).
. Torres v. City of Allentown, No. 07-0934, 2008 WL 2600314, at *2 (E.D. Pa. June 30, 2008) (citing Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137, 145 n.3, 99 S.Ct. 2689, 61 L.Ed.2d 433 (1979)).
. Peele v. Delaney, No. 12-4877, 2017 WL 467347, at *3 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 3, 2017) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Id. (quoting Brown v. Muhlenberg Twp., 269 F.3d 205, 216 (3d Cir. 2001)).
. Brown, 269 F.3d at 216 (quoting Sample v. Diecks, 885 F.2d 1099, 1118. (3d Cir. 1989)).
. Peele, 2017 WL 467347, at *3 (quoting Brown, 269 F.3d at 216).
. E.g., Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 534-36, 99 S.Ct. 1861, 60 L.Ed.2d 447 (1979); Hubbard v. Taylor, 399 F.3d 150, 165-67 (3d Cir. 2005).
. Peele, 2017 WL 467347, at *2 (citing Bell, 441 U.S. at 538-39, 99 S.Ct. 1861).
. Id. (quoting Hubbard v. Taylor, 538 F.3d 229, 233 (3d Cir. 2008)).
. Peele, 2017 WL 467347, at *2 (finding that plaintiff alleged deprivation of constitutional rights in similar triple-celling case); see also Camps v. Nutter, No. 14-01498, 2017 WL 2779180, at *4 (E.D. Pa. June 27, 2017) (same).
. Because Plaintiff has had multiple opportunities to plead claims against Nutter, the claims against Nutter will be dismissed with prejudice,
. See Lopez v. City of Phila., No. 13-6571, 2017 WL 2869495, at *5 (E.D. Pa. July 5, 2017) (finding that plaintiff adequately alleged § 1983 triple-celling claim against Giorla and Delaney); Camps, 2017 WL 2779180, at *6 (same); Peele, 2017 WL 467347, at *3-4 (finding that plaintiff adequately alleged § 1983 triple-celling claim against Delaney and Gior-la). The individual Defendants also argue that they are entitled to qualified immunity because the Supreme Court’s 2009 decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal called into doubt whether supervisory liability claims are cognizable under § 1983. Doc. No. 54 (Defendants’ Response to Plaintiff's Motion for Leave to File a Third Amended Complaint at 5) (citing 556 U.S. at 677-79, 129 S.Ct. 1937). As other courts have found, this argument is merit-less—Iqbal did not abolish supervisory liability. See Colon v. Michele Farrell Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility Warden, No. 15-3378, 2016 WL 3902894, at *3 n.2 (E.D. Pa. July 18, 2016) (explaining that “the Third Circuit rejected the argument that., .Ashcroft v. Iqbal abolished supervisory liability under ,§ 1983,” and that instead, “such liability may be imposed if the supervisor acts with the mental state necessary to establish the underlying constitutional tort”) (citation omitted); Thomas v. Adams, 55 F.Supp.3d 552, 568 (D.N.J. 2014) (“Iqbal did not change any aspect of substantive law. Nor did Iqbal create a liability exception for the defendants fortunate to hold supervisory positions.”).
. Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 165-66, 105 S.Ct. 3099, 87 L.Ed.2d 114 (1985) (quoting Monell v. N.Y. City Dept. of Social Ser
. Id. at 166, 105 S.Ct. 3099 (citations omitted).
. Lopez, 2017 WL 2869495, at.*3 (citing Monell, 436 U.S. at 658, 98 S.Ct. 2018).
. See id. at *4 (finding that similar allegations established a Monell claim).
. Ortiz v. Nutter, No. 15-4689, 2016 WL 8735709, at *3 (E.D. Pa. Oct 14, 2016) (citing Boring v. Kozakiewicz, 833 F.2d 468, 471 (3d Cir. 1987)).
. Id. (quoting Natale v. Camden Cty. Corr. Facility, 318 F.3d 575, 582 (3d Cir. 2003)).
. Id. at *4 (quoting Atkinson v. Taylor, 316 F.3d 257, 266 (3d Cir. 2003)).
. Id. (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Id. (quoting McKenna v. City of Phila., 582 F.3d-447, 460 (3d Cir. 2009)).
. Id. (citations omitted).
. As noted, because Corizon has yet to move to dismiss, the Court does not resolve the issue of whether Plaintiff has pleaded an inadequate medical care claim against Corizon.
. See Allen v. Warden of Dauphin Ct. Jail, No. 07-1720, 2008 WL 4452662, at *4 (M.D. Pa. Sept. 29, 2008) (denying motion to dismiss Eighth Amendment serious medical need claim where plaintiff alleged that his assignment to a bottom bunk aggravated his herniated disc).
. Doc. No. 53-1 (Proposed Third Amended Complaint) ¶¶ 27, 34.
. Bistrian v. Levi, 696 F.3d 352, 376 (3d Cir. 2012) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
. Id. (quoting Rauser v. Horn, 241 F.3d 330, 333 (3d Cir. 2001)).
. See, e.g., Pepe v. Lamas, 679 Fed.Appx. 173, 175-76 (3d Cir. 2017) (concluding that plaintiff. stated plausible First .Amendment claim where he alleged that defendants removed him from his job in the prison kitchen in retaliation for filing a grievance). .
. To the extent Plaintiff intends to assert a First Amendment claim- against any other De- . fendants, it fails because there are no allega- ' tions that plausibly suggest ¿ny other Defendant retaliated against Plaintiff for filing his grievances.
. Carter v. Morrison, No. 06-3000, 2010 WL 701799, at *19 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 24, 2010) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). To the extent Plaintiff also seeks to recover under the Fourth Amendment, this claim fails, as'the Fourth Amendment provides inmates with no protections against the confiscation of their personal property. See, e.g., Tinsley v. Giorla, No. 05-2777, 2008 WL 901697, at *10 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 1, 2008) (concluding that pre-trial detainee could not state claim under the Fourth Amendment for the loss of legal papers because "he did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy enabling him to invoke the, protections of the Fourth Amendment when his legal papers were taken”) (footnote omitted).
. Doc. No. 53-1 ¶¶ 23-25.
. Cf. Bracey v. Price, No. 09-1662, 2011 WL 2620358, at *4 (W.D. Pa. July 1, 2011) (denying motion to dismiss prisoner’s conversion claim based on the alleged confiscation of his legal materials).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- David BURGOS v. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA
- Cited By
- 11 cases
- Status
- Published