The opinion of the court was delivered by

The rejection of Sheetz as a witness was manifest error.

If we shut our eyes to the fact, that the coupons sued were transferred to the plaintiff along with and as forming part of the bonds that bore the seal of the company — if- we regard them, as the counsel' does, as strictly negotiable paper — yet they are not within the. rule of Walton v. Shelly, as restricted by our own case of Gulliford v. Skinner, 9 Barr 334; and which restriction was approved and followed in Wilt v. Snyder, 5 Harris 84. Even if the coupons had been payable, on their face, to Sheetz or bearer, he, not being an endorser, would have been competent according to the doctrine of these cases. But his name was not on them; neither on the face, nor the back. They were payable to bearer, and the plaintiff who sues as bearer, sues as an immediate payee designated by description. The cases cited from 7 Harris 192, and 2 Casey 512, decide that the owner of a promissory note, who passes it away, cannot, under the doctrine of Post v. Avery, become a witness for the holder; and of course they have no application here, where the witness was not offered for but against the holder.

As there is no rule of policy that excludes Sheetz, so he had no interest to disqualify him. The bonds, with the coupons attached, had been lodged with him merely as collateral security for endorsements of the company’s paper. But it was part of the offer that, before he transferred them, the company had taken up the paper, and thus relieved his endorsement. After that, he had no interest either in the bonds or the coupons, and no duty except that of safe custody.

It is not necessary for us to go into the general question, whether these bonds were negotiable under the law merchant. Strictly negotiable or not, there was nothing to disqualify Sheetz from testifying, and that is all we are called on to rule at present.

The other witnesses were apparently stockholders of the company, and therefore properly rejected.

The judgment is reversed, and a venire facias de novo awarded.