Estate of Brownfield
Estate of Brownfield
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
The testator devised his land to his two sons, also naming them as executors, but desired them “to pay to each of my daughters, Jane, Malinda, Elizabeth and Anna Crossland, a sum of money equal to the sixth part of the value of the coal under all my lands; my executors to have power to carry out this provision of this my will, by selling if necessary the whole or
The testator died in September, 1890. In November the six children met and made an amicable division of the personal property xvhicli the will had left to them in equal shares, and in March, 1891, they met again and executed a formal sealed agreement of liquidation of the value of the coal, so far as it affected the amount of the legacies to Malinda Brownfield and Anna B. Crossland, two of the daughters. The .validity of this agreement is the main question in the cas,e.
The auditor found as facts that the agreement was executed by the two daughters now objecting, with knowledge of its contents; that they had opportunity to examine and consider it before signing; that the accountants, the two sons, made no attempt to conceal the effect of the agreement from their sisters, but advised them to obtain outside advice; that they did not in any way misrepresent the amount of coal, but that one of them had information upon that subject which he did not communicate ; and that such information being essential to the safe entry into the agreement the failure to communicate it, under the confidential and fiduciary relations between the parties, rendered the agreement invalid, tie thereupon proceeded to take testimony as to the amount and value of the coal, and to surcharge the accountants with this valuation in place of that fixed by the agreement.
The relation of the parties was somewhat exceptional. The sons were devisees of the land, including the coal, and as the
The agreement was entered into as a family settlement, was carried out without objection for four years, and until the sale of the coal under an unprecedented rise in price made the objectors regret that they had not waited as the others had, to realize on their legacies. In the entire absence of fraud or any act of bad faith, and in view of the clear proof of knowledge by the objectors before execution, the double position of the appellants, one of which carried no duty at all of disclosure of facts, the very evenly balanced testimony whether or not the
The facts of this case as already said are exceptional and no close precedent has been found, but Grim’s Appeal, 105 Pa. 875, is analogous, and the principles as applied there are applicable here.
The agreement of 1891 being valid and the proper basis of the account, the interest must of course be adjusted in accordance therewith, and not at six per cent prior to the sale as the auditor calculated it.
The counsel fees claimed by the accountants appear to us moderate, but they have been slightly reduced by the auditor and the court, and we are without evidence on which we can say there was error in this respect.
The decree is reversed and the account directed to be restated in accordance with this opinion. Costs to be paid by the appellees.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Estate of Isaac Brownfield, Appeal of William W. and Isaac H. Brownfield
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- Will—Family settlement—Confidential relation. Testator devised land to bis two sons, naming them as executors, but desired them to pay to each of his four daughters “a sum of money-equal to the sixth part of the value of the coal under all my lands; my executors to have the power to carry out this provision of this my will by selling if necessary the whole or any part of the said coal if they should consider that the best way to carry the same into effect, but this does not require them to sell the same unless they wish to do so.” Testator died shortly after making his will, and a few months after his death his children met and executed a formal sealed agreement fixing the value of the shares of coal at $18,000 each. The daughters understood the agreement. The sons made no misrepresentations to them, and the testimony was evenly balanced as to whether one of the sons had information of the value of coal which he did not disclose. Letters testamentary were not taken out by the sons, until three years after testator’s death, and their account was filed four years after his death, the coal by that time having increased largely in value. The auditor appointed to pass on exceptions to the account fixed the value of the shares at $15,500, adding, “This is a higher price than any of the coal in the neighborhood had sold for up to that time.” Held, (1) that the will did not give the daughters any estate or interest in the coal, but merely a money legacy, the amount of which was to be determined by the value of the coal; (2) that in ascertaining and fixing the valuation of the coal the executors acted so far in a trust relation that the equity rules as to transactions between trustee and cestui que trust required entire good faith on their part; (8) that, as the evidence showed the valuation fixed by the agreement was a fair one, there was no fraud or bad faith on the part of the executors, and it was error for the court below to set aside the family settlement, and to surcharge the accountants with amounts in excess of those fixed by the agreement.