Baldwin v. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance
Baldwin v. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
In 1897 John L. Bulford and H. M. Hatfield conducted a mercantile business in Dallas, Luzerne county in name of H. M. Hatfield & Company. They were joint owners of the building in which the business was conducted. On May 5, 1897, the defendant issued to them a policy of insurance against loss by fire for the term of three years, in which the building was insured for $1,000 and the merchandise therein for $2,000. On November 1, 1897, the partnership was dissolved on account of the failing health of Bulford who sold and transferred his interest in the merchandise to Hatfield and Hatfield sold and conveyed all his interest in the building to Bulford; at the same time they agreed that the insurance policy should be changed to accord with their several interests, the insurance on the
Matters remained in this condition, when less than a year afterwards a fire occurred which destroyed both building and merchandise. Foster as attorney for the Bulford estate .notified the company of the loss and made claim for indemnity on the building; the company denied liability on the ground, that
We think the decisions of the common pleas and the Superior Court, as to what in this case on the evidence, constituted the contract, were wrong. The policy on the partnership property was issued to the partnership on May 5, 1897, for a three years’ term, in sum of $3,000 and the full amount of the premium for the term paid; six months afterwards, on November 1, the partnership was dissolved; under the terms of the contract the partners could surrender the policy and claim the unearned premium, which, counting the whole term as thirty-six months, would be just five sixths of what they had paid ; or they could, with the company’s consent accept individual policies for the remainder of the term for their respective interests and continue the insurance; or the company could return the unearned premium if it so chose and cancel the policy. This is the clause in the policy on the subject of cancelation:
“ This policy shall be canceled at any time at the request of the insured; or by the company by giving five days’ notice of such cancelation. If this policy shall be canceled as hereinbefore provided, or become void or cease, the premium having been actually paid the unearned portion shall be returned on surrender of this policy or last renewal, this company retaining the customary short rate; except that when this policy is canceled by this company by giving notice it shall retain only the pro rata premium.”
Was the contract afterwards rescinded or canceled by the company or by consent of Foster, the attorney ? The company could cancel it just one way at any time, that was, by five days’ notice to the representative of the estate of its intention to do so and return of five sixths of the premium; it gave no notice and offered to return no premium. As to Foster, the attorney, we doubt whether his duties as attorney embraced that of canceling a policy of insurance upon a building of his deceased client; but even if he had such authority the evidence wholly failed to show an intention on his part to cancel. He wanted some change made in the name of the insured, but the messenger distinctly told the insurance agent that Mr. Foster did not want the policy canceled, but would call and see him about it and it so remained until after the fire. From the evidence, Foster wanted it his way and the insurance agent wanted it his, the way he and Hatfield had first agreed upon. It would be a travesty upon justice to permit the bickerings of these two agents about an immaterial matter to fritter away and destroy a part of a dead man’s estate.
The suit can be sustained in the name of the administrator. It may be, on a distribution, the orphans’ court will hold that the proceeds of the policy shall go to the heirs to the real estate, but the policy itself stipulates that wherever the word “ insured ” occurs it shall be held to include the legal representative of the insured. Although the money represents a loss on real estate, it is now turned into money and may be sued for by the administrator. When in his hands the orphans’ court can properly make distribution.
The judgment of the Superior Court is reversed ; the judgment of the common pleas is reversed and a procedendo is awarded. On a retrial it is directed that the law be announced as we have indicated and the evidence in so far as it appertains to the issue be submitted to a jury.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Baldwin v. Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company
- Cited By
- 7 cases
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- Published
- Syllabus
- Insurance —Fire insurance — Cancellation — Contract—Action—Parties. A partnership consisting of two persons owned a policy of fire insurance which covered a building insured for an amount stated and the merchandise therein also for an amount stated. While the policy was in existence the partnership was dissolved, one of the partners transferring his interest in the merchandise to the other, and the latter his interest in the real estate to his copartner. At the same time they agreed that the policy should be changed to accord with their several interests. Four days after the dissolution the partner to whom the real estate had been conveyed died, and immediately thereafter the surviving partner informed the agents of the insurance company of the fact, and of what had been arranged. It was agreed between the surviving partner and the insurance company’s agent that the company should issue two new policies, one to the surviving partner on the merchandise, and one to the deceased partner on the building, and that the two should be dated as of the day of the dissolution of the partnership. The company agreed to send the policy for tbe real estate to the attorney of the deceased partner. When the attorney received it he noticed that it was made out in the name of the deceased as the insured. Thinking that it was a mistake to have the policy issued in the name of the dead man, he sent it back to the agents with a request that it should be made out to the-estate of the deceased. The agents persisted in their opinion that it was correctly made out and returned it. The attorney sent it back by a messenger, with instructions to explain the circumstances fully to the agents. The agents, however, adhered to their first opinion and asked the messenger whether the attorney wanted the policy canceled. He answered that the attorney did not want it canceled, and that the attorney would call and see them about it in a few days. He did call but failed to see the agents. Within a year afterwards a fire occurred which destroyed both building and merchandise. The company denied liability for loss on the building alleging that the policy had been canceled before the fire. In a suit upon the policy it appeared that the company had not canceled the insurance in the manner prescribed by the policy by five days’ notice, and the return of the unearned premium. Held, that the contract as to the new policy on the building was complete when the surviving partner acting as agent for his copartner and the insurance agent both agreed to it, and that the insurance company was liable for the loss of the building. In such a case, it appearing that the insurance was for the insured or his legal representative, the suit can be sustained in the name of the administrator of the deceased partner, subject to the jurisdiction of the orphans’ court to distribute the fund raised by it.