Beck's Estate
Beck's Estate
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
These several appeals are from the same decree: they present the same questions, and may be disposed of together.
If the particular gift here to be considered should be thought singular, some reason for it will be found in the peculiar situation with respect to his family which confronted the testator when he came to make final disposition of his estate. He was the father of nine children, five of whom had left the family home and were living in established homes of their own. To each of these testator had advanced the sum of $2,000, and had charged them each with this sum in his book of advancements. Of those remaining all with the exception of Catherine, an unmarried daughter, were mutes. To these four, Abednego, John, Catherine and Nancy, he gave his mansion farm at a valuation which would advance them correspondingly with the other five children, and then directed with respect to the balance of his estate, which included another farm, that it should be converted and distributed to and among his lineal heirs, share and share alike. The devise of the mansion farm was as follows, “To my two youngest sons, Abednego and John, and to my two daughters, Catherine and Nancy — to be held jointly and equally— and in the case of the death of one, then that portion shall descend to the other three, and so on until the death of the last one of the aforesaid children, at which time I direct my executors — that they expose the said real estate to public sale, and divide the proceeds equally among their heirs, share and share alike.” Abednego, Catherine and Nancy died in the order named, unmarried and childless. John, the last survivor, left a widow and three children. The present controversy arises over the distribution of the proceeds of sale of the mansion farm devised as above. The auditor holding to the view that the word “ heirs ” as it occurs in the gift was to be interpreted according to its strict, legal and technical
The héirs of the four devisees of the mansion farm were a surviving brother, Jeremiah, two surviving sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Buck, the children of Mrs. Henderson, a deceased sister, the children of Mrs. Buck, also a deceased sister, and the children of John, here the appellant. By the mode of distribution adopted the fund was divided into six equal parts, and distributed per stirpes, the children of those deceased taking their parent's share. We do not understand that the correctness of this mode is questioned. If John’s children are entitled to take simply as heirs, their advantage lies in a per stirpes rather than a per capita distribution, and hence they are not objecting to the mode, should failure follow their effort to establish their right as sole legatees. This with the fact that we have no appeal but on behalf of John’s children shows acquiescence on the part of all in the method adopted. We are therefore relieved from inquiry with re
Reference
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- Will — Devise—Heirs—Construction of will. 1. The word “ heirs” when used in a will is to be understood in its legal or technical sense, unless there be something in the context showing that the testator meant it to be understood in its popular sense. 2. In its legal and technical sense the word “ heir ” is understood as designating the persons appointed by law to succeed in case of intestacy, and whenever the word occurs in a will unaccompanied by qualifying or explanatory expressions, it must be allowed the meaning the law gives it, and those only will come within the class thus described who would take under the intestate laws. And where qualifying expressions are relied on to give other than technical meaning, these must be so direct and unequivocal as to imperatively require such interpretation. 3. A testator may doubtless use the word “ heirs” as synonymous with “ children,” but his intent thus to use it must be gathered from something more than implication. It must be expressed. 4. Testator at the time of the making of his will had nine children. Five of them had separate homes, and to these five he had made advancements of an equal sum to each. Of the remaining children three were mutes. To the four remaining children he gave his mansion farm at a valuation which would advance them correspondingly with the other five children, and then directed that the remainder of his real and personal estate should be converted and distributed to and among his lineal heirs share and share alike. The devise of the mansion farm was, “to my youngest sons (naming them) and to my two daughters (naming them) to be held jointly and equally — and in the case of the death of one, then that portion shall descend to the other three, and so on until the death of the last one of the aforesaid children, at which time I direct my executors — that they expose the said real estate to public sale, and divide the proceeds equally among their heirs, share. and share alike.” Three of the devisees died intestate, unmarried and childless. The other, a son, died leaving a widow and three children. Held, that the son’s children were not entitled to the whole of the proceeds of the sale of the mansion farm, but that the same should be divided per stirpes among the heirs of the four devisees, and as such the son's children were entitled to one share.