Curran v. National Life Insurance Co. of the United States
Curran v. National Life Insurance Co. of the United States
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
This is an action by the insured on a policy of accident insurance to recover for the death of the beneficiary named therein, under a beneficiary insurance clause attached to the policy. In 1908, plaintiff took out a policy in the Pittsburgh Life and Trust Company, which was in the usual form of accident policies and provided certain indemnities therein specified for death or injuries caused by “external, violent and accidental means.” The premium specified was $22.00. To the policy was attached a “rider,” by which, in consideration of 30 cents extra premium, the policy was extended to cover bodily injury to the beneficiary, in this case the sister of the insured, sustained through external, violent and accidental means and under circumstances stated, among them being injuries sustained “in consequence of the burning of a building while said beneficiary is therein.”
The following year plaintiff, upon request, consented to transfer his insurance from the Pittsburgh Life and Trust Company to the Pittsburgh Casualty Company. The former company having reinsured its entire business, including plaintiff’s policy, in the latter, and subsequently the latter having issued to plaintiff its own policy in lieu of that of the Pittsburgh Life and Trust Company, this later policy was assumed by the National Life Insurance Company, the defendant. The premium, $22.30, plaintiff paid, on the day of delivery of the policy or a day or two before, to the agent of defendant company. There was also a beneficiary insurance attached to the policy identical with the one in the original, ex
Defendant’s agent Lloyd, whose depositions were taken by plaintiff and read at the trial, testified the 1909 policy was prepared at the office of the company in Pittsburgh and forwarded to him with the beneficiary clause attached, but unsigned, and he delivered it to plaintiff who paid him the premium of $22.30, the amount necessary to cover the beneficiary insurance. If the policy was delivered to plaintiff as a completed contract defendant would be estopped from denying it after a loss has been sustained. In such case the attached supplement, though unsigned, should properly be construed as a part of the entire contract (Myers v. Keystone Mut.
The contention that the beneficiary insurance is without consideration to support it and therefore void is equally without merit. The original policy required the payment of 30 cents additional premium for the beneficiary insurance. At the time the policy was transferred from the Pittsburgh Life and Trust Company, the beneficiary policy was in force. When the policy in suit was issued for the year 1909, the consideration named therein included 30 cents for the beneficiary insurance, which was paid by plaintiff. It appears, therefore, a gross sum was fixed as the premium for both risks and the consideration was not apportioned between the two. The contention that the one was unpaid is therefore without support. While plaintiff admits that only $22.00 was in fact paid for subsequent annual renewals, this is explained by the testimony of defendant’s agent, who stated the company in which he originally insured plaintiff charged but $22.00, without an extra sum for the beneficiary insurance, and he desired to secure for him the same rate; and further that accident companies did not have a fixed schedule of rates for beneficiary insurance. This witness also testified it was at that time optional with accident insurance companies whether a charge was made for beneficiary insurance, some requiring a payment and others not. He took the matter up with the secretary of defendant company and
The next'contention of defendant is, plaintiff failed to show that death of the beneficiary was caused solely by bodily injuries sustained through the “burning of a building while the beneficiary was therein,” within the meaning of that clause in the policy. There is no living witness to the unfortunate accident. The insured lived with her mother and two brothers in the Borough of Washington, and on the night of the fire had retired to her room on the second floor. The mother slept in the sitting room on the first floor, on a lounge which stood in a corner of the room, eight feet from an open grate, in which there was a coal fire burning at the time, which was the only fire of any kind in the room and the only place from which the fire could have originated so far as the evidence shows. Plaintiff slept on the second floor, and testified he retired about ten o’clock leaving his sister and mother in the sitting room. Later he was awakened by a scream and upon hastening to the first floor found his sister in the hall with her clothes on fire, and upon attempting to enter the sitting room saw his mother in her night clothes standing near the lounge, but was unable to reach her until water was obtained from the bath room on the second floor and the fire at the door leading into the room extinguished. At the time he first entered the room the door and the wall in the corner near her bed were blazing, the lounge smouldering, and the carpet burned in several places. It does not appear how the sister’s clothing caught fire or when she first entered her mother’s room. Plaintiff testified he sup
To hold as matter of law that plaintiff failed to prove
It is also contended plaintiff failed to furnish notice of loss within the time required by the policy, and the trial judge should have so decided as matter of law. The accident occurred February 1st and notice was mailed April 27th. The policy required “immediate written notice must be given the company” of any accident for which indemnity is claimed, together with full particu
The policy also required proof of injury to be furnished to the company within two months from the time it occurred. The proofs were forwarded on May 21st, twenty-four days after notice of the accident was sent. The blanks on which proofs of loss were made were received by plaintiff’s attorney from defendant’s attorney. There was some delay in procuring the signature of the doctor who attended the beneficiary, and plaintiff testified the papers were completed and sent to defendant
The question of time of giving notice and furnishing proof of loss was discussed at length in Woodmen Accident Assn. v. Pratt, 62 Neb. 673, where the court made an extensive review of the American and English cases on the subject. After referring to the fact that the provision requiring notice is for the purpose of advising the insurer of the accident and extent of injury, in order to protect itself against fraudulent or improper demands, and that the provision requiring notice should therefore not be construed as a hard and fast rule admitting of no exception or excuse for failure to comply literally with its terms, the conclusion reached is thus stated on page 679: “In respect to the rule of construing provisions in a contract of insurance for notice of accident and injury or loss or damage and proof of the same to be given ‘forthwith’ or ‘immediately’ or within a stipulated time, the authorities are not entirely harmonious, and yet from the examination we have been able to make in the limited time at our command the great weight of authority is to the effect that the exercise of due diligence and reasonable effort on the part of the insured to meet the requirements thus imposed, to be determined under all the circumstances as disclosed in each individual case, is deemed a compliance with such provisions although not within the time according to the strict letter of the terms used in defining the same.”
On page 686, it was further said: “From the foregoing, the conclusion is, we think, fairly deducible that in construing conditions in a policy of insurance with respect to the giving of notice of the happening of the event and the particulars thereof and preliminary proofs, to be complied with subsequent to the event resulting in loss or injury and for which indemnity is claimed, a more liberal construction in favor of the beneficiary
A further question raised by the assignments of error is that the suit was brought prematurely and contrary to the provision in the policy providing that legal proceedings should not be brought until three months from the day of filing proofs at the company’s office. A provision of this kind may, however, be waived by the com-
What we have said above renders a further discussion unnecessary and substantially disposes of the other questions raised. The assignments of error are overruled and the judgment is affirmed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Curran v. The National Life Insurance Company of the United States of America
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- Insurance — Accident insurance — Unsigned beneficiary supplement— Extra premium — Nonpayment — •Rebate — Act of May 8, 1909, P. L. Jf05 — Beneficiary clause — Construction—Death of beneficiary — Case for fury. 1. Where a policy of insurance provides that no change therein should be valid unless endorsed by an officer of the company, and the policy with an unsigned supplement or rider attached is duly delivered to the insured, the supplement will be construed as part of the contract, notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in the policy; the insurance company in such case will be taken to have waived the signing of'the supplement by an officer. 2. A policy of accident insurance required the payment of thirty cents additional premium for beneficiary insurance, which was paid by the insured. Upon the expiration of the policy another was issued naming a consideration which included the additional premium charged for beneficiary insurance; subsequently the policy was annually renewed with a beneficiary clause attached as a rider, but the premium fixed in the policy did not include the extra sum charged for beneficiary insurance. In an action on the policy brought by the insured to recover fox the death of the beneficiary, it appeared that accident companies did not have a fixed schedule of rates for beneficiary insurance; that the lower rate was allowed plaintiff with the consent of the secretary of defendant company, and that the reduction was not made as an inducement to take out the insurance, as the policy had already been renewed. Held, that plaintiff was not precluded from recovery by the Act of May 3, 1909, P. L. 405, prohibiting the giving of any bonus or rebate not specified in the contract, as an inducement to persons to become insured. 3. In such case it appeared that the beneficiary clause extended the policy so as to cover bodily injury to the beneficiary “in consequence of the burning of a building while said beneficiary is therein”; that plaintiff on the night of the accident, being awakened by a scream, went in the direction of his mother’s room and found the beneficiary, his sister, in the hall with her clothes on fire, that on entering his mother’s room he found the door and wall near the bed blazing, the lounge smoldering, and the carpet burned. It did not appear whether the fire was communicated to the beneficiary from the burning building or from the burning contents of the building. Plaintiff’s theory was that -beneficiary was burned in an unsuccessful attempt to reach her mother by fire communicated from the blazing walls. Defendant’s theory was that the mother’s clothing caught fire at the grate, and that the beneficiary was burned thereby, in her efforts to save her mother. Held, the question was not whether the circumstances exclude every other hypothesis, but whether they fairly supported the theory advanced by plaintiff and excluded by their preponderating weight the theory advanced by the defendant. Insurance — Notice of accident — Proof of loss — Delay—Reasonableness — Actions — Prematurity of action — Denial of liability — Waiver — Agency—Ratification—Case for jury. 4. Where a policy of insurance requires immediate notice of loss to be given the company, the general rule of construction is that notice must be given within a reasonable time after the accident; what is reasonable must, necessarily, depend upon the facts and circumstances of each particular case. 5. In such case, the policy required that “immediate” written notice be given the company of any accident for which indemnity was claimed, together with full particulars. It appeared that notice of loss was not mailed until almost three months after the accident; plaintiff testified that the policy was in the beneficiary’s possession and that all renewal receipts were given to her and that owing to the transfer of the policy, he did not know the name of the company carrying the insurance, or that the accident in question was covered by the policy, and that as soon as the policy was found, the company was notified. Held, that there was no such Unreasonable delay on plaintiff’s part in making search for the policy and in notifying defendant after finding it, as would warrant the court in declaring, as a matter of law, that plaintiff should not be permitted to recover. 6. Where, in such case, the policy required that proof of loss be furnished within two months from the time when the loss occurred,' the fact that the proofs were not forwarded until twenty-four days after notice of the accident was sfent, did not necessarily preclude plaintiff from recovery, where it appeared that the proofs of loss were sent to defendant company as soon as plaintiff could obtain the signature of the physician who attended the beneficiary. As the policy did not expressly make the furnishing of proofs of loss within the stipulated time a condition precedent to the right of recovery, it was for the jury to determine whether the proofs of loss were furnished within a reasonable time. 7. A provision in a policy of insurance, stipulating that legal proceedings should not be brought until three months from the day of filing proofs of loss at the company’s office, will not preclude recovery in an action brought within the three months from the filing of the proofs of loss, where it appears that the company denied liability on the policy prior to the expiration of the time stated. 8. Where, in such case, it appeared that defendant’s attorney visited the scene of the fire, and subsequently informed plaintiff that “the company could not do anything for you” and that the company wrote plaintiff that “upon the report of our adjuster and reports of - investigations subsequently made, we cannot entertain your claim,” there was sufficient evidence to warrant the jury in finding that the agent was authorized to represent the company in denying liability on the policy within three months from the time of filing proofs of loss, or that the company ratified his denial of liability, if made without authority, and a judgment on a verdict for plaintiff, was affirmed.