Morris v. Yough Coal & Supply Co.
Morris v. Yough Coal & Supply Co.
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
The proceedings under the Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P. L. 736, are purely statutory, differing from
If the finding of dependency is based on any evidence or on an inference fairly deducible therefrom, the award must be sustained though we might differ from the conclusion thus reached. We cannot substitute our judgment for that of the referee or the board, as the com
The term dependency, in the statute, contemplates actual dependency and must affirmatively appear in the record as a fact. No rigid rule can be laid down as to the amount or character of evidence necessary to show actual dependency; therefore, each case must be controlled by its own circumstances. But the term actual dependency does not mean sole and exclusive support. It includes as well partial support, and the query arises, were the contributions needed to provide the claimant (recognized as such by the statute) with some of the ordinary necessaries of life suitable for persons in her class and position? It does not mean that the claimant should reduce her expenses to such an amount that she could secure subsistence for herself without the contributions from the deceased employee, in this case her husband. See Dazy v. Apponaug Co., 36 R. I. 81. Dependency of married people is not controlled wholly by the legal obligation springing from the marriage contract. This obligation, however, is one of the elements to be considered in determining the fact of dependency. A wife, not living with her husband, who is not supported wholly or partly at the time of the accident by him is not a dependent within the meaning of the statute. The separation may amount to a repudiation of the husband’s legal obligation to support, acquiesced in by the wife: New Monckton Collieries, Ltd., v. Keeling, 6 Negligence and Compensation Cases 210, and note. But when the wife lives separate from her husband with his consent, earning money through her own labor, which partly reduces her living expenses, and the husband during this period maintains the family relation, visiting his wife, paying a certain portion of the necessary expenses for her support, and often contributing other sums for her use, and all of these happenings occur frequently for a year and a half immediately before the accident to her
The receipt of money for the purpose of accumulating a saving will not be considered as contributions for support, but the mere fact that claimant had a small sum of money in bant does not raise a conclusive presumption the money was contributed by the husband for the purpose of enabling her to accumulate such saving. It may be considered, along with other evidence, on the question of dependency.
The referee erroneously stated as a conclusion of law, “that the claimant, although not living with her husband at the time of his death, was actually dependent upon him for support.” This was a finding of fact and should have been so stated by the referee. We have regarded it in that light.
The assignments of error are overruled and the decree of the court below is affirmed.
Reference
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- Workmen’s compensation — Widow—Dependency—Family relation — Separation—Obligation to support — Repudiation—Acquiescence — Presumption—Accumulations by wife — Contributions by husband — Findings by referee and board — Appeal—Review—Certiorari — Act of June 2,1915, P. L. 788, sec. 807. 1. Under the Workmen’s Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P. L. 738, the Supreme Court, for the purpose of review, will examine the findings and reasons stated in the adjudication of the referee and the board, and also those on which the opinion of the common pleas is based, tbe appeal being in tbe nature of a certiorari. 2. Tbe term dependency, in tbe statute, contemplates actual dependency, and must affirmatively appear in tbe record as a fact. No rigid rule can be laid down as to tbe amount or character of evidence necessary to show actual dependency; therefore, each case must be controlled by its own circumstances. But tbe term actual dependency does not mean sole and exclusive support. 3. Dependency is not controlled wholly by the legal obligation springing from the marriage contract. This obligation, however, is one of the elements to be considered in determining the fact of dependency. 4. Separation may amount to a repudiation of the husband’s legal obligation to support, acquiesced in by the wife. 5. The receipt of money from the husband for the purpose of accumulating a saving will not be considered as contributions for support, but the mere fact that claimant had a small sum of money in bank does not raise á conclusive presumption that the money was contributed by the husband for the purpose of enabling her to accumulate such saving. It may be considered, with other evidence, on the question of dependency. 6. Where a wife was living apart from her husband, with his consent, earning money through her own labor, which partly reduces her living expenses, and the husband during this period maintains the family relation, writing to his wife regularly and visiting her frequently, paying a certain portion of the necessary expenses for her support, and often contributing other sums for her use, and all of these happenings occur frequently for a year and a half immediately before a fatal accident to her husband, held that a finding that the widow was actually dependent for this partial support and entitled to compensation, will not be disturbed on appeal, in a claim under Section 307 of the Workmen’s Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P. L. 736, which provides that “no compensation shall be payable under this act to a widow unless she was living with her deceased husband at the time of his death or was then actually dependent upon him for support.” 7. If the finding of dependency is based on any evidence, or on an inference fairly deducible therefrom, the award must be sustained, although the appellate court might differ from the conclusion thus reached. The judgment of such court cannot be substituted for that of the referee or board, inasmuch as the compensation act has delegated to them the exclusive function of determining these facts. 8. Where a referee erroneously states a finding of fact as a conclusion of law, the appellate court will regard the conclusion as a finding of fact.