Chanoff v. Fiala
Chanoff v. Fiala
Dissenting Opinion
Dissenting Opinion by
I cannot agree with the Majority Opinion because I am persuaded that the agreement involved was clearly an option contract. And, additionally, contrary to the Majority’s view, the rule as to when an acceptance becomes legally operative is not the same in agreements to sell and option contracts. In option contracts, the date of receipt is controlling. See 1A Corbin, Contracts, §264, page 521 (1963).
Opinion of the Court
Opinion by
This is an action in equity seeking specific performance of an agreement for the sale of real estate, located
The initial applications for zoning and subdivision approval were due, under paragraph eight, supra, by February 1, 1968, but the buyer did not file these applications until March 28. Nevertheless, as the chancellor found, the seller, Fiala, did not object when told of Chanoff’s late filing, but merely said that Chanoff should file as soon as possible. In addition, on April
On April 30, buyer mailed from his office in Philadelphia an uncertified personal check in the amount of §10,000, dated May 1, payable to seller’s broker. While May 1 was the last day of the six month period specified in paragraph nine of the agreement, the check was not received until May 2. Seller’s broker did deposit the check upon receipt, however, and informed seller of its arrival; the cheek was honored by the drawee bank on May 3.
On May 4, the Board of Directors of the School District of Camp Hill passed a resolution condemning the land in question. On May 16, seller’s attorney wrote buyer informing him that their agreement was null and void because the §10,000 check was not received by May 1. Buyer, however, called seller to settlement on July 17. After seller did not appear, buyer proceeded to sue for specific performance of their agreement; seller cross-claimed for the §10,000 escrow account as liquidated damages for buyer’s failure to file the initial applications within ninety days. The chancellor, after finding of facts set out above, held that the agreement was null and void, and that seller was entitled to keep the escrow as liquidated damages. From that decree, buyer has taken this appeal.
At trial the parties vigorously disputed the nature of the agreement, whether it Was a “contract” or an “option”, and whether “time was of the essence”. Seller urges that we consider it an option and that time was of the essence. We will assume, arguendo, that seller is correct, for even if this was an option, we find that it was timely accepted.
An option has been defined as “an unaccepted offer to sell”, Barnes v. Rea, 219 Pa. 279, 284, 68 Atl. 836, 838 (1908), or “a contract to keep an offer open”. Warner Bros. Inc. v. Proffitt, 329 Pa. 316, 319, 198 Atl.
Seller argues additionally that the payment was not timely because it Was not in “cash or its equivalent”. We can find no indication in the agreement, however, that a personal check was not acceptable, particularly in view of the fact that the agreement notes that the initial $10,000 deposit was to be in cash, but does not mention “Cash” in connection with the extension. The check was honored by the drawee bank, and we cannot find that the parties excluded the use of a personal check as a means of acceptance.
Accordingly, we hold that buyer, by posting his check in the mail the day before the offer was due to expire, timely exercised his option, and ¡that seller was bound under the agreement,
Seller’s position on appeal is that “since time was not of the essence of Buyer’s obligation to file within such ninety day period that the defendant [Fiala] could not, declare a default of that $10,000.00 until and unless Buyer did not settle within the six month period.” Of course, buyer was lulled into not settling by Fiala’s own actions in not objecting to the late filing, and in actively seeking to further buyer’s applications. But the essence of seller’s argument is that the $10,000 liquidated damages would be due only if, because of the late filing, buyer did not get the requisite approvals and hence decided not to settle within the six month period. Indeed, without this paragraph, the agreement could be read to mean that buyer could have done nothing for six months, refused to settle, and still have his deposit returned. Of course, if buyer did settle, with or without the approvals, seller would not be damaged and would not be entitled to the liquidated damages even under his own interpretation of the agreement.
We have held above that buyer’s notice to extend the date of settlement for another ninety days was timely given. Within that ninety days buyer called seller to settlement. Accordingly, since buyer has decided to
It appears that because of the condemnation, seller can no longer convey the laud in question. Accordingly, we remand this case to the chancellor so that he may enter an order compelling seller to assign to buyer all of his right, title and interest in and to any award resulting from the fa,king or condemnation, pursuant to paragraph eleven of the agreement of sale, together with the right to negotiate with the condemning authority, subject only to receipt by seller of the unpaid balance of the purchase price.
The decree of the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County is vacated, and the case remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Each party to bear own costs.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Chanoff, Appellant, v. Fiala
- Cited By
- 9 cases
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- Published