People v. Canales
People v. Canales
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the court.
Defendant was convicted of murder in the first degree and says that there was no proof of venue.
Section 8 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that—
“The jurisdiction of an offense shall be in the district court of the district where the offense has been committed.”
Throughout the barrio of Santurce in the municipality .of San Juan the dividing line between the two judicial districts involved herein is a section of the insular highway leading from San Juan to Ponce known as the Ponce de León Avenue. In the instant case, in order to establish jurisdiction in the court wherein the case was tried, it was necessary for the prosecution to prove that the crime had been committed on the south side of the avenue. All of the testimony upon this point, as gleaned from the record and set forth by the fiscal of this court in his brief, is as follows:
“Pedro González, at the beginning of his testimony, answered the following questions put to him on direct examination:
“ ‘What were you doing during the month of August? — I was caretaker of a garage. — What garage? — The garage at No. 17.— Where is that garage at No. 17 situated? — In the upper part of the mosaic tile factory.’
“Isaac Ramos testified:
“ ‘Where did you live during the early days of August last year? — Right on the highway, No. 121. — Were you working anywhere at that time? — Right there in the tile factory. — Where is*380 that? — At No. 17. — Where is it situated? — In the ground floor of the garage in Santurce.’
“Ramón Ayala testified:
“ ‘What work were you engaged in during the early days of August? — I was working as an apprentice in Jiménez’s factory.— What kind of factory? — A mosaic tile factory. — Where is that factory? — It is located at Stop 17.’
“Guillermo Velazquez testified:
“ ‘Where were you working at that time? — In the tile factory. ■ — Where is that factory? — At Stop 17, on the- ground floor of the Santurce garage.’
“The defendant Domingo Canales, whose testimony appears in the record, testified as follows:
“ ‘Where were you working on August the sixth of last year? • — In the factory of Emilio Jiménez del Valle, at stop 17, on the ground floor of the automobile garage.’ ”
From this we gather that the garage is above a tile factory, that the tile factory is beneath the garage, and that both are located in the neighborhood of Stop 17. And, in these circumstances, we are asked to take judicial notice of the fact that at Stop 17 the street railway is laid upon the south side of Ponce de León Avenue, that the stops are marked upon the trolley company’s poles, and, therefore, that the garage and factory are upon the same side of the street. But the conclusion last mentioned is a plain non sequitur.
The stops, when referred to in conversation, in order to identify the location of a particular building, whether it be a residence or a place of business, are not ordinarily visualized as indicating only the side of the street upon which the signboards are placed, but suggest rather the immediate vicinity upon both sides of the thoroughfare. The Barbosa School at Stop 4 in Puerta de Tierra is quite as properly and as accurately identified when so referred to as either of the corner buildings on the opposite side of the avenue, and with reference one to the other on opposite sides of the cross-street, might he.
It is rather remarkable that the prosecuting attorney should have asked so many questions as were propounded herein as to the general location of the garage and tile factory, without requesting any witness to fix the scene of the crime with reference to the road. And, but for the fact that truth is so often “stranger than fiction,” it would seem incredible that this should have occurred more than a year after the specific warning contained in People v. Amorós, 31 P.R.R. 481, where, anticipating and seeking to avoid the possibility of being called upon to reverse a judgment of conviction in some case of larger importance than the one then under consideration, we said:
“The line must be drawn somewhere in matters of this kind and prosecuting attorneys should not rely entirely upon this court to sustain every judgment in a criminal ease, regardless of the manner in which the same is conducted, merely because the defendant is shown to have committed an offense.”
The other errors complained of involve instructions
The judgment appealed from must be reversed.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.